Home 1991 Summary
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The 143 spacecrafts launched in 1991 :
1) NATO 4A 2) Progress M-6 3) Italsat I 4) Eutelsat II F-2
5) Kosmos 2121 / Zenit-8 / Oblik 6) Kosmos 2122 / US-P 7) Informator 1 / AMSAT-OSCAR 21 (AO-21) 8) Kosmos 2123 / Tsikada / Radio Sputnik (RS) 12/13
9) Kosmos 2124 / Yantar-4K2 55 10) Kosmos 2125 / Strela-1M 11) Kosmos 2126 / Strela-1M 12) Kosmos 2127 / Strela-1M
13) Kosmos 2128 / Strela-1M 14) Kosmos 2129 / Strela-1M 15) Kosmos 2130 / Strela-1M 16) Kosmos 2131 / Strela-1M
17) Kosmos 2132 / Strela-1M 18) Kosmos 2133 / Prognoz / SPRN 19) Kosmos 2134 / Yantar-1KFT 13 20) Molniya 1-80
21) Kosmos 2135 / Parus 22) Raduga 27 23) Astra 1-B 24) Meteosat 5 / MOP 2
25) Kosmos 2136 / Zenit-8 / Oblik 26) Lacrosse 2 (USA 69) 27) Inmarsat II F-2 28) Nadezhda 3
29) Progress M-7 30) Kosmos 2137 / Taifun-1B 31) Molniya 3-40 32) Kosmos 2138 / Yantar-4K2 56
33) Almaz 1 34) Kosmos 2139 / Glonass (Uragan) 50L 35) Kosmos 2140 / Glonass (Uragan) 53L 36) Kosmos 2141 / Glonass (Uragan) 54L
37) Anik E-2 / Telesat 38) STS-37 39) GRO / Compton Gamma-ray Observatory 40) ASC 2 / Spacenet 4
41) Kosmos 2142 / Parus 42) BS-3H / Yuri 3H 43) Meteor 3-4 44) STS-39
45) IBSS-SPAS (USA 70) 46) MPEC (USA 71) 47) CRO C 48) CRO B
49) CRO A 50) NOAA 12 51) Kosmos 2143 / Strela-3 52) Kosmos 2144 / Strela-3
53) Kosmos 2145 / Strela-3 54) Kosmos 2146 / Strela-3 55) Kosmos 2147 / Strela-3 56) Kosmos 2148 / Strela-3
57) Soyuz TM-12 58) Resurs F-10 59) Kosmos 2149 / Yantar-4K2 57 60) Aurora II / Satcom C-5
61) Progress M-8 62) Okean 3 63) STS-40 - SLS 1 64) Kosmos 2150 / Strela-2
65) Kosmos 2151 / Tselina-R 66) Molniya 1-81 67) MAK 1 68) Kosmos / Romb F01065 
69) Resurs F-11 70) REX 71) Gorizont 23 72) Navstar 2-11 (USA 71)
73) Losat X 74) Kosmos 2152 / Zenit-8 / Oblik 75) Kosmos 2153 / Yantar-4KS1 / Neman 76) ERS 1
77) Tubsat A 78) SARA 79) Orbcomm X 80) UoSAT-OSCAR 5 / UoSAT 5
81) Microsat 1 82) Microsat 2 83) Microsat 3 84) Microsat 4
85) Microsat 5 86) Microsat 6 87) Microsat 7 88) Resurs F-12
89) Molniya 1-82 90) STS-43 91) TDRS 5 92) Intelsat 605
93) Meteor 3-5 / TOMS 94) Progress M-9 95) Resurs F-13 96) Kosmos 2154 / Parus
97) BS-3B / Yuri-3B 98) IRS 1B 99) Solar A / Yohkoh 100) Kosmos / Tselina-2
101) STS-48 102) UARS 103) Kosmos 2155 / Prognoz / SPRN 7 104) Molniya 3-41
105) Kosmos 2156 / Yantar-4K2 58 106) Anik E1 / Telesat 107) Kosmos 2157 / Strela-3 108) Kosmos 2158 / Strela-3
109) Kosmos 2159 / Strela-3 110) Kosmos 2160 / Strela-3 111) Kosmos 2161 / Strela-3 112) Kosmos 2162 / Strela-3
113) Soyuz TM-13 114) Foton 4 115) Kosmos 2163 / Don (3) / Orlets-1 3 116) Kosmos 2164 / Taifun-1B
117) Progress M-10 118) Gorizont 24 119) Intelsat VI 601 120) NOSS / SLDCOM 2 (USA 72)
121) SSU (USA 74) 122) SSU (USA 76) 123) SSJ (USA 77) 124) Kosmos 2165 / Strela-3
125) Kosmos 2166 / Strela-3 126) Kosmos 2167 / Strela-3 127) Kosmos 2168 / Strela-3 128) Kosmos 2169 / Strela-3
129) Kosmos 2170 / Strela-3 130) Kosmos 2171 / Yantar-4K2 59 131) Kosmos 2172 / Potok 7 18L 132) STS-44
133) DSP 16 (USA 75) 134) Kosmos 2173 / Parus 135) DMSP Block F-11 (USA 73)  136) Eutelsat II F-3
137) Telecom 2A 138) Inmarsat II F-3 139) Kosmos 2174 / Yantar-1KFT 14  140) Intercosmos 25
141) Magion 3 142) Raduga 28 143) DFH 2A-4 / Zhongxing 4 ("Chinasat 34")
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Spacecraft Entries
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NATO 4A
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1991 payload #1 ; 1991-001A ; 4583rd spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: NATO
Launch: 8 January 1991 at 0h57 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-17B, by a Delta 7925 (Delta 7925 / Delta 202).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Progress M-6
Spacecraft:  Progress 7K-TGM No. 205
Numbers: 1991 payload #2 ; 1991-002A ; 4584th spacecraft.
Type: Cargo delivery to Mir
Sponsor: Soviet Union (Korolev's Design Bureau)
Launch: 14 January 1991 at 14h50 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-1, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U2 T15000-045).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Italsat I
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1991 payload #3 ; 1991-003A ; 4585th spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: Italian's Telespazio
Launch: 15 January 1991 at 23h10 UTC, from Kourou Space Center's ELA-2, by an Ariane 44L (V41).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Eutelsat II F-2
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1991 payload #4 ; 1991-003B ; 4586th spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: European Telecommunications Satellite Organization
Launch: 15 January 1991 at 23h10 UTC, from Kourou Space Center's ELA-2, by an Ariane 44L (V41).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2121
Spacecraft:  Zenit-8 / Oblik
Numbers: 1991 payload #5 ; 1991-004A ; 4587th spacecraft.
Type: Military cartography
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 17 January 1991 at 10h33 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-16/2, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2122
Spacecraft:  US-P
Numbers: 1991 payload #6 ; 1991-005A ; 4588th spacecraft.
Type: Ocean surveillance ("RORSAT")
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 18 January 1991 at 11h31 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome, by a F-1/Tsyklon 2.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Informator 1 / AMSAT-OSCAR 21 (AO-21)
Radio Sputnik 14 (RS-14)
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1991 payload #7 ; 1991-006A ; 4589th spacecraft.
Type: Experimental geological satellite + radio-amateur communications
Sponsor: Soviet Union / AMSAT-U and AMSAT-DL
Launch: 29 January 1991 at 12h00 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-133/3, by a Kosmos C-1 (11K65M 53744-158).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission: RS-14/AO-21 was the results of a joint venture between AMSAT-U and AMSAT-DL. The amateur equipment rode piggyback on the INFORMATOR-1, an experimental geological satellite. 
     As of September 16, 1994 the spacecraft was switched off, including the amateur equipment onboard. The reasons cited were those of cost in maintaining the craft in space when the usefulness of the primary payload was exhausted. The amateur community lost a valuable asset. RS-14/AO-21 was a very popular satellite with the radio amateurs. The equipment to communicate through RS-14/AO-21 was simple and easy to operate,. it functioned as a "repeater in the sky" and routinely transmitted digitally recorded voice messages commemorating events like the 25th anniversary of the first landing on the moon by broadcasting Neil Armstrong's first words as he stepped on the moon.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ; A Brief History of Amateur Satellites ;
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Kosmos 2123 / Radio Sputnik (RS) 12/13
Spacecraft:  Tsikada/RS-12/RS-13
Numbers: 1991 payload #8 ; 1991-007A ; 4590th spacecraft.
Type: Navigation
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 5 February 1991 at 4h48 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-133/3, by a Kosmos C-1 (11K65M 47148-407).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission: RS-12/13 rode piggyback on the primary spacecraft Kosmos  2123 navigation satellite. Each satellite had two radio amateur transponders onboard. Only one was switched on at a time. Both satellites had a 40 kHz wide linear transponder allowing for CW and SSB contacts. One unique feature of both these satellites was the ROBOT autotransponder that made it possible to carry on a CW telegraphy contact with the ROBOT computer carried on the spacecraft. Upon calling the satellite on the ROBOT uplink frequency, the computer would return with a short message and issue a QSO number.
     It is thought that after superpower proton flashes from the Sun about July/August 2002 caused damaged to the Kosmos 2123 and RS-12/13 transponders. 
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ; A Brief History of Amateur Satellites ;
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Kosmos 2124
Spacecraft:  Yantar-4K2 no. 55 / Kobal't
Numbers: 1991 payload #9 ; 1991-008A ; 4591st spacecraft.
Type: Reconnaissance
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 7 February 1991 at 18h14 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-16/2, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2125
Spacecraft:  Strela-1M
Numbers: 1991 payload #10 ; 1991-009A ; 4592nd spacecraft.
Type: Communications (store/dump)
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 12 February 1991 at 2h38 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-133/3, by a Kosmos C-1 (11K65M 47187-204).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2126
Spacecraft:  Strela-1M
Numbers: 1991 payload #11 ; 1991-009B ; 4593rd spacecraft.
Type: Communications (store/dump)
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 12 February 1991 at 2h38 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-133/3, by a Kosmos C-1 (11K65M 47187-204).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2127
Spacecraft:  Strela-1M
Numbers: 1991 payload #12 ; 1991-009C ; 4594th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (store/dump)
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 12 February 1991 at 2h38 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-133/3, by a Kosmos C-1 (11K65M 47187-204).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2128
Spacecraft:  Strela-1M
Numbers: 1991 payload #13 ; 1991-009D ; 4595th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (store/dump)
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 12 February 1991 at 2h38 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-133/3, by a Kosmos C-1 (11K65M 47187-204).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2129
Spacecraft:  Strela-1M
Numbers: 1991 payload #14 ; 1991-009E ; 4596th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (store/dump)
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 12 February 1991 at 2h38 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-133/3, by a Kosmos C-1 (11K65M 47187-204).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2130
Spacecraft:  Strela-1M
Numbers: 1991 payload #15 ; 1991-009F ; 4597th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (store/dump)
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 12 February 1991 at 2h38 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-133/3, by a Kosmos C-1 (11K65M 47187-204).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2131
Spacecraft:  Strela-1M
Numbers: 1991 payload #16 ; 1991-009G ; 4598th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (store/dump)
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 12 February 1991 at 2h38 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-133/3, by a Kosmos C-1 (11K65M 47187-204).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2132
Spacecraft:  Strela-1M
Numbers: 1991 payload #17 ; 1991-009H ; 4599th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (store/dump)
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 12 February 1991 at 2h38 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-133/3, by a Kosmos C-1 (11K65M 47187-204).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2133
Spacecraft:  Prognoz / SPRN
Numbers: 1991 payload #18 ; 1991-010A ; 4600th spacecraft.
Type: Missile early warning
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 14 February 1991 at 8h31 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-200/39, by a D-1-e/Proton-K/DM-2 (8K82K 344-02 / 11S861 38L).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2134
Spacecraft:  Yantar-1KFT no. 13 / Kometa No. 13
Numbers: 1991 payload #19 ; 1991-011A ; 4601st spacecraft.
Type: Reconnaissance
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 15 February 1991 at 9h36 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-1/LC-31?, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Molniya 1-80
Spacecraft:  Molniya-1T
Numbers: 1991 payload #20 ; 1991-012A ; 4602nd spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: Soviet Union
Launch: 15 February 1991 at 15h21 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-43/3, by an A-2-e/"Molniya" (8K78M / ML).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2135
Spacecraft:  Parus
Numbers: 1991 payload #21 ; 1991-013A ; 4603rd spacecraft.
Type: Navigation
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 26 February 1991 at 4h48 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-133/3, by a Kosmos C-1 (11K65M 47168-254).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Raduga 27
Spacecraft:  Gran' No. 38L
Numbers: 1991 payload #22 ; 1991-014A ; 4604th spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: Soviet Union
Launch: 28 February 1991 at 5h30 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-81/23, by a D-1-e/Proton-K/DM-2 (8K82K 360-02 / 11S861 49L).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Astra 1-B
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1991 payload #23 ; 1991-015A ; 4605th spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: SES
Launch: 2 March 1991 at 23h36 UTC, from Kourou Space Center's ELA-2, by an Ariane 44LP (V42).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Meteosat 5 / MOP 2
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1991 payload #24 ; 1991-015B ; 4606th spacecraft.
Type: Meteorology
Sponsor: ESA
Source: Eumetsat Meteosat 5 (Eumetsat)  First operational Meteosat-5 
image, 2 May 1991 (Eumetsat)
Launch: 2 March 1991 at 23h36 UTC, from Kourou Space Center's ELA-2, by an Ariane 44LP (V42).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ; Eumetsat's 2 Mar 06 & 20 Apr 07 ;
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Kosmos 2136
Spacecraft:  Zenit-8 / Oblik
Numbers: 1991 payload #25 ; 1991-016A ; 4607th spacecraft.
Type: Military cartography
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 6 March 1991 at 15h36 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-16/2, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Lacrosse 2 (USA 69)
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1991 payload #26 ; 1991-017A ; 4608th spacecraft.
Type: Radar reconnaissance
Sponsor: U.S. National Reconnaissance Office
Launch: 8 March 1991 at 12h00 UTC, from Vandenberg Air Force Base's SLC-4E, by a Titan 4 (Titan 403A K-5 (45F-1)).
Orbit:
Decayed: 25 March 2011?
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ; Spaceflight Now's 5 Apr 2011;
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Inmarsat II F-2
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1991 payload #27 ; 1991-018A ; 4609th spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: Inmarsat
Launch: 8 March 1991 at 23h02 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-17B, by a Delta 6925 (Delta 6925 / Delta 203).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Nadezhda 3
Spacecraft:  Nadezhda 17F118 No. 409 / Tsikada-Kospas
Numbers: 1991 payload #28 ; 1991-019A ; 4610th spacecraft.
Type: Navigation
Sponsor: Soviet Union
Launch: 12 March 1991 at 19h26 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-133/3, by a Kosmos C-1 (11K65M 65048-406).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Progress M-7
Spacecraft:  Progress 7K-TGM No. 208
Numbers: 1991 payload #29 ; 1991-020A ; 4611th spacecraft.
Type: Cargo delivery to Mir
Sponsor: Soviet Union (Korolev's Design Bureau)
Launch: 19 March 1991 at 13h07 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-1, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U2 R15000-049).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2137
Spacecraft:  Taifun-1B
Numbers: 1991 payload #30 ; 1991-021A ; 4612th spacecraft.
Type: Radar calibration
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 19 March 1991 at 14h38 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-132/1, by a Kosmos C-1 (11K65M 53448-417).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Molniya 3-40
Spacecraft:  Molniya-3 No. 55
Numbers: 1991 payload #31 ; 1991-022A ; 4613th spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: Soviet Union
Launch: 22 March 1991 at 11h45 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-43/4, by an A-2-e/"Molniya" (8K78M / ML).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2138
Spacecraft:  Yantar-4K2 no. 56 / Kobal't
Numbers: 1991 payload #32 ; 1991-023A ; 4614th spacecraft.
Type: Reconnaissance
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 26 March 1991 at 13h55 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-16/2, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Almaz 1
Spacecraft:  Mech-KU No. 305
Numbers: 1991 payload #33 ; 1991-024A ; 4615th spacecraft.
Type: Radar reconnaissance
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 31 March 1991 at 15h12 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-200/40, by a D-1/Proton-K (8K82K 365-01).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2139
Spacecraft:  Glonass s/n 50L / Uragan No. 50L
Numbers: 1991 payload #34 ; 1991-025A ; 4616th spacecraft.
Type: Navigation
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 4 April 1991 at 10h47 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-200/39, by a D-1-e/Proton-K/DM-2 (8K82K 354-02 / 11S861 53L).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2140
Spacecraft:  Glonass s/n 53L / Uragan No. 53L
Numbers: 1991 payload #35 ; 1991-025B ; 4617th spacecraft.
Type: Navigation
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 4 April 1991 at 10h47 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-200/39, by a D-1-e/Proton-K/DM-2 (8K82K 354-02 / 11S861 53L).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2141
Spacecraft:  Glonass s/n 54L / Uragan No. 54L
Numbers: 1991 payload #36 ; 1991-025C ; 4618th spacecraft.
Type: Navigation
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 4 April 1991 at 10h47 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-200/39, by a D-1-e/Proton-K/DM-2 (8K82K 354-02 / 11S861 53L).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Anik E-2 / Telesat
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1991 payload #37 ; 1991-026A ; 4619th spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: Telesat Canada
Launch: 4 April 1991 at 23h31 UTC, from Kourou Space Center's ELA-2, by an Ariane 44P (V43).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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STS-37
Spacecraft:  Atlantis
Numbers: 1991 payload #38 ; 1991-027A ; 4620th spacecraft.
Type: Piloted spacecraft
Sponsor: NASA
Launch: 5 April 1991 at 14h24 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-39B, by the Space Shuttle.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
GRO / Compton Gamma-ray Observatory
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1991 payload #39 ; 1991-027B ; 4621st spacecraft.
Type: Astronomy
Sponsor: NASA
Launch: 5 April 1991 at 14h24 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-39B, by the Space Shuttle. Deployed from Atlantis cargo bay on 7 April 1991.
Orbit:
Deorbit: 4 June 2000
Mission: The Compton Gamma Ray Observatory has been destroyed. NASA decided to end the mission because of concerns that further gyro failures might make it difficult to carry out a controlled deorbit. The the firth and final burn on 4 June 2000 put GRO in its final 28 km x 470 km orbit. At 06h09 on the descent to perigee the spacecraft began tumbling and runaway heating was detected; loss of contact came at 6h10 UTC with impact of debris in the Pacific southeast of Hawaii at 6h18 UTC.
GRO, built by TRW/Redondo Beach, was the second of the Great Observatories program which also includes Hubble, Chandra, and SIRTF. GRO really marked the maturity of gamma ray astronomy as a discipline and its discoveries about gamma ray bursts, gamma ray quasars, and galactic gamma ray sources are of lasting importance.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No 428 ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ; Spacewarn No. 560 ;
.
ASC 2 / Spacenet 4
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1991 payload #40 ; 1991-028A ; 4622nd spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: Contel ASC
Launch: 13 April 1991 at 0h09 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-17B, by a Delta 7925 (Delta 7925 / Delta 204).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Kosmos 2142
Spacecraft:  Parus
Numbers: 1991 payload #41 ; 1991-029A ; 4623rd spacecraft.
Type: Navigation
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 14 April 1991 at 7h26 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-132/1, by a Kosmos C-1 (11K65M 47148-401).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
BS-3H / Yuri 3H
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1991 payload #42 ; 1991 1st loss ; 4624th spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: Japan's TSCJ
Launch: 18 April 1991 at 23h30 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-36B, by an Atlas I (AC-70).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Meteor 3-4
Spacecraft:  Meteor-3 No. 6
Numbers: 1991 payload #43 ; 1991-030A ; 4625th spacecraft.
Type: Meteorology
Sponsor: Soviet Union
Launch: 24 April 1991 at 1h40 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-32, by a F-2/Tsyklon 3.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
STS-39
Spacecraft:  Discovery
Numbers: 1991 payload #44 ; 1991-031A ; 4626th spacecraft.
Type: Piloted spacecraft
Sponsor: NASA
Launch: 28 April 1991 at 11h33 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-39A, by the Space Shuttle.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
IBSS-SPAS (USA 70)
Spacecraft:  Infrared Background Signature Survey / Shuttle Pallet Satellite-II
Numbers: 1991 payload #45 ; 1991-031B ; 4627th spacecraft.
Type: Space defense
Sponsor: U.S. Space Defense Initiative Organization
Launch: 28 April 1991 at 11h33 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-39A, by the Space Shuttle. Deployed from Discovery cargo bay.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
MPEC (USA 71)
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1991 payload #46 ; 1991-031C ; 4628th spacecraft.
Type: Space defense
Sponsor: U.S. Space Defense Initiative Organization
Launch: 28 April 1991 at 11h33 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-39A, by the Space Shuttle. Deployed from Discovery cargo bay.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
CRO C
Spacecraft:  Chemical Release Observation
Numbers: 1991 payload #47 ; 1991-031D ; 4629th spacecraft.
Type: Space defense
Sponsor: U.S. Space Defense Initiative Organization
Launch: 28 April 1991 at 11h33 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-39A, by the Space Shuttle. Deployed from Discovery cargo bay on 2 May 1991.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
CRO B
Spacecraft:  Chemical Release Observation
Numbers: 1991 payload #48 ; 1991-031E ; 4630th spacecraft.
Type: Space decense
Sponsor: U.S. Space Defense Initiative Organization
Launch: 28 April 1991 at 11h33 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-39A, by the Space Shuttle. Deployed from Discovery cargo bay on 2 May 1991.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
CRO A
Spacecraft:  Chemical Release Observation
Numbers: 1991 payload #49 ; 1991-031F ; 4631st spacecraft.
Type: Space defense
Sponsor: U.S. Space Defense Initiative Organization
Launch: 28 April 1991 at 11h33 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-39A, by the Space Shuttle. Deployed from Discovery cargo bay on 3 May 1991.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
NOAA 12
Spacecraft:  NOAA D
Numbers: 1991 payload #50 ; 1991-032A ; 4632nd spacecraft.
Type: Mateorology
Sponsor: NOAA
Launch: 14 May 1991 at 20h52 UTC, from Vandenberg Air Force Base's SLC-3W, by an Atlas E (50E / Star-37S-ISS).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission: NOAA 12 is a third-generation, operational meteorological satellite. NOAA officially shut down the nation’s longest serving polar-orbiting satellite, NOAA-12 on Aug. 10. While in operation, NOAA-12 logged 16 years of service and 84,402 Earth orbits. NOAA-12  became the operational replacement for NOAA-10 on 19 September 1991. It was replaced operationally by a newer satellite, NOAA-15, in December 1998, but was configured to send real-time data directly to users on the ground as it passed over their receiving stations, extending the usefulness of the spacecraft.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ; NOAA 26 Aug 07 ;
.
Kosmos 2143
Spacecraft:  Strela-3
Numbers: 1991 payload #51 ; 1991-033A ; 4633rd spacecraft.
Type: Communications (store/dump)
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 17 May 1991 at 21h36 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-32, by a F-2/Tsyklon 3.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Kosmos 2144
Spacecraft:  Strela-3
Numbers: 1991 payload #52 ; 1991-033B ; 4634th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (store/dump)
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 17 May 1991 at 21h36 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-32, by a F-2/Tsyklon 3.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Kosmos 2145
Spacecraft:  Strela-3
Numbers: 1991 payload #53 ; 1991-033C ; 4635th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (store/dump)
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 17 May 1991 at 21h36 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-32, by a F-2/Tsyklon 3.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Kosmos 2146
Spacecraft:  Strela-3
Numbers: 1991 payload #54 ; 1991-033D ; 4636th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (store/dump)
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 17 May 1991 at 21h36 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-32, by a F-2/Tsyklon 3.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Kosmos 2147
Spacecraft:  Strela-3
Numbers: 1991 payload #55 ; 1991-033E ; 4637th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (store/dump)
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 17 May 1991 at 21h36 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-32, by a F-2/Tsyklon 3.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Kosmos 2148
Spacecraft:  Strela-3
Numbers: 1991 payload #56 ; 1991-033F ; 4638th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (store/dump)
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 17 May 1991 at 21h36 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-32, by a F-2/Tsyklon 3.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Soyuz TM-12
Spacecraft:  Soyuz 7K-STM No. 62
Numbers: 1991 payload #57 ; 1991-034A ; 4639th spacecraft.
Type: Piloted spacecraft
Sponsor: Soviet Union (Korolev's Design Bureau)
Launch: 18 May 1991 at 12h50 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-1, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U2).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Resurs F-10
Spacecraft:  Resurs-F2 17F42 No. 6
Numbers: 1991 payload #58 ; 1991-035A ; 4640th spacecraft.
Type: Earth remote sensing
Sponsor: Soviet Union
Launch: 21 May 1991 at 9h07 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-43/4, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Kosmos 2149
Spacecraft:  Yantar-4K2 no. 57 / Kobal't
Numbers: 1991 payload #59 ; 1991-036A ; 4641st spacecraft.
Type: Reconnaissance
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 24 May 1991 at 15h36 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-43/3, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Aurora II / Satcom C-5
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1991 payload #60 ; 1991-037A ; 4642nd spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: GE Americom
Launch: 29 May 1991 at 22h55 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-17B, by a Delta 7925 (Delta 7925 / Delta 205).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Progress M-8
Spacecraft: Progress 7K-TGM No. 207
Numbers: 1991 payload #61 ; 1991-038A ; 4643rd spacecraft.
Type: Cargo delivery to Mir
Sponsor: Soviet Union (Korolev's Design Bureau)
Launch: 30 May 1991 at 8h04 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-1, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U2 R15000-050).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Okean 3
Spacecraft:  Okean-O1 No. 6/NKhM No. 8
Numbers: 1991 payload #62 ; 1991-039A ; 4644th spacecraft.
Type: Ocean observation
Sponsor: Soviet Union
Launch: 4 June 1991 at 8h09 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-32/2, by a F-2/Tsyklon 3.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
STS-40 - SLS 1
Spacecraft:  Columbia
Numbers: 1991 payload #63 ; 1991-040A ; 4645th spacecraft.
Type: Piloted spacecraft
Sponsor: NASA
Launch: 5 June 1991 at 13h25 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-39B, by the Space Shuttle.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Kosmos 2150
Spacecraft:  Strela-2
Numbers: 1991 payload #64 ; 1991-041A ; 4646th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (store/dump)
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 11 June 1991 at 5h45 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-133/3, by a Kosmos C-1 (11K65M 47159-819).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Kosmos 2151
Spacecraft:  Tselina-R
Numbers: 1991 payload #65 ; 1991-042A ; 4647th spacecraft.
Type: Electronic intelligence
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 13 June 1991 at 15h50 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-32, by a F-2/Tsyklon 3.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Molniya 1-81
Spacecraft:  Molniya-1T
Numbers: 1991 payload #66 ; 1991-043A ; 4648th spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: Soviet Union
Launch: 18 June 1991 at 7h40 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-43/4, by an A-2-e/"Molniya" (8K78M / ML).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
MAK 1
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1991 payload #67 ; 1986-017DV ; 4649th spacecraft.
Type: Earth upper atmosphere studies
Sponsor: Soviet Union
Launch: 17 June 1991 at 21h50 UTC, from , by a . Deployed from Mir on 17 June 1991.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Kosmos
Spacecraft:  Romb F01065
Numbers: 1991 payload #68 ; 1991 2nd loss ; 4650th spacecraft.
Type: Radar calibration
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 25 June 1991, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-132/1, by a Kosmos C-1 (11K65M 65061-262).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Resurs F-11
Spacecraft:  Resurs-F1 14F43 No. 52
Numbers: 1991 payload #69 ; 1991-044A ; s4651st pacecraft.
Type: Earth remote sensing
Sponsor: Soviet Union
Launch: 28 June 1991 at 8h10 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-43/3, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
REX
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1991 payload #70 ; 1991-045A ; 4652nd spacecraft.
Type: Earth upper atmosphere studies
Sponsor: U.S. Air Force
Launch: 29 June 1991 at 13h55 UTC, from Vandenberg Air Force Base's SLC-5, by a Scout G-1 (S216C).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Gorizont 23
Spacecraft:  Gorizont No. 34L
Numbers: 1991 payload #71 ; 1991-046A ; 4653rd spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: Soviet Union
Launch: 2 July 1991 at 22h53 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-200/39, by a D-1-e/Proton-K/DM-2 (8K82K 373-01 / 11S861 50L).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Navstar 2-11 (USA 71)
Spacecraft:  Navstar SVN 24
Numbers: 1991 payload #72 ; 1991-047A ; 4654th spacecraft.
Type: Navigation
Sponsor: U.S. Air Force
Launch: 7 July 1991 at 2h32 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-17A, by a Delta 7925 (Delta 7925 / Delta 206).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Losat X
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1991 payload #73 ; 1991-047B ; 4655th spacecraft.
Type: Space defense
Sponsor: U.S. Space Defense Initiative Organization
Launch: 7 July 1991 at 2h32 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-17A, by a Delta 7925 (Delta 7925 / Delta 206).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Kosmos 2152
Spacecraft:  Zenit-8 / Oblik
Numbers: 1991 payload #74 ; 1991-048A ; 4656th spacecraft.
Type: Military cartography
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 9 July 1991 at 7h12 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-43/4, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Kosmos 2153
Spacecraft:  Yantar-4KS1 / Neman
Numbers: 1991 payload #75 ; 1991-049A ; 4657th spacecraft.
Type: Reconnaissance
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 10 July 1991 at 13h55 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-31, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U2).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
ERS 1
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1991 payload #76 ; 1991-050A ; 4658th spacecraft.
Type: Earth remote sensing
Sponsor: ESA
Launch: 17 July 1991 at 1h46 UTC, from Kourou Space Center's ELA-2, by an Ariane 40 (V44).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Tubsat A
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1991 payload #79 ; 1991-050B ; 4659th spacecraft.
Type: Technology
Sponsor: West Germany's Technical University of Berlin (TUB)

Source: TUBSAT
Launch: 17 July 1991 at 1h46 UTC, from Kourou Space Center's ELA-2, by an Ariane 40 (V44).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's 1991-05D ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ; TUBSAT satellites ;
.
SARA
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1991 payload #80 ; 1991-050C ; 4660th spacecraft.
Type: Astronomy
Sponsor:
Launch: 17 July 1991 at 1h46 UTC, from Kourou Space Center's ELA-2, by an Ariane 40 (V44).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Orbcomm X
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1991 payload #78 ; 1991-050D ; 4661st spacecraft.
Type: Technology
Sponsor: U.S. Orbital Communications Corp.
Launch: 17 July 1991 at 1h46 UTC, from Kourou Space Center's ELA-2, by an Ariane 40 (V44).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
UoSAT-OSCAR 22 / UoSAT 5
Spacecraft:  UoSAT F
Numbers: 1991 payload #77 ; 1991-050E ; 4662nd spacecraft.
Type: Communications (radio-amateur)
Sponsor: University of Surrey's Spacecraft Engineering Research Group - UoSAT in the United Kingdom.
Launch: 17 July 1991 at 1h46 UTC, from Kourou Space Center's ELA-2, by an Ariane 40 (V44).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission: Weight: 48.4 kg Size: 350 x 350 x 650 mm
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ; A Brief History of Amateur Satellites ;
.
Microsat 1
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1991 payload #81 ; 1991-051A ; 4663rd spacecraft.
Type: Technology
Sponsor: U.S. Air Force
Launch: 17 July 1991 at 16h19 UTC, from Edwards Air Force Base's R, by a Pegasus/HAPS (002/F2).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Microsat 2
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1991 payload #82 ; 1991-051B ; 4664th spacecraft.
Type: Technology
Sponsor: U.S. Air Force
Launch: 17 July 1991 at 16h19 UTC, from Edwards Air Force Base's R, by a Pegasus/HAPS (002/F2).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Microsat 3
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1991 payload #83 ; 1991-051C ; 4665th spacecraft.
Type: Technology
Sponsor: U.S. Air Force
Launch: 17 July 1991 at 16h19 UTC, from Edwards Air Force Base's R, by a Pegasus/HAPS (002/F2).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Microsat 4
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1991 payload #84 ; 1991-051D ; 4666th spacecraft.
Type: Technology
Sponsor: U.S. Air Force
Launch: 17 July 1991 at 16h19 UTC, from Edwards Air Force Base's R, by a Pegasus/HAPS (002/F2).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Microsat-5
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1991 payload #85 ; 1991-051E ; 4667th spacecraft.
Type: Technology
Sponsor: U.S. Air Force
Launch: 17 July 1991 at 16h19 UTC, from Edwards Air Force Base's R, by a Pegasus/HAPS (002/F2).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Microsat 6
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1991 payload #86 ; 1991-051F ; 4668th spacecraft.
Type: Technology
Sponsor: U.S. Air Force
Launch: 17 July 1991 at 16h19 UTC, from Edwards Air Force Base's R, by a Pegasus/HAPS (002/F2).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Microsat 7
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1991 payload #87 ; 1991-051G ; 4669th spacecraft.
Type: Technology
Sponsor: U.S. Air Force
Launch: 17 July 1991 at 16h19 UTC, from Edwards Air Force Base's R, by a Pegasus/HAPS (002/F2).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Resurs F-12
Spacecraft:  Resurs-F1 14F43 No. 53
Numbers: 1991 payload #88 ; 1991-052A ; 4670th spacecraft.
Type: Earth remote sensing
Sponsor: Soviet Union
Launch: 23 July 1991 at 8h52 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-43/3, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Molniya 1-82
Spacecraft:  Molniya-1T
Numbers: 1991 payload #89 ; 1991-053A ; 4671st spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: Soviet Union
Launch: 1st August 1991 at 12h00 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-43/4, by an A-2-e/"Molniya" (8K78M / ML).
Orbit:
Decayed: 9 October 2004
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No. 612 ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
STS-43
Spacecraft:  Atlantis
Numbers: 1991 payload #90 ; 1991-054A ; 4672nd spacecraft.
Type: Piloted spacecraft
Sponsor: NASA
Launch: 2 August 1991 at 15h02 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-39A, by the Space Shuttle.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
TDRS 5
Spacecraft:  TDRS-E
Numbers: 1991 payload #91 ; 1991-054B ; 4673rd spacecraft.
Type: Communications (data relay)
Sponsor: NASA
Launch: 2 August 1991 at 15h02 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-39A, by the Space Shuttle. Deployed from Atlantis payload bay on 2 August 1991.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Intelsat 605
Spacecraft:  Intelsat VI F-5
Numbers: 1991 payload #92 ; 1991-055A ; 4674th spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: Intelsat
Launch: 14 August 1991 at 23h15 UTC, from Kourou Space Center's ELA-2, by an Ariane 44L (V45).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Meteor 3-5 / TOMS 
Spacecraft:  Meteor-3 No. 5/TOMS
Numbers: 1991 payload #93 ; 1991-056A ; 4675th spacecraft.
Type: Meteorology
Sponsor: Soviet Union + NASA
Launch: 15 August 1991 at 9h14 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome, by a F-2/Tsyklon 3.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Progress M-9
Spacecraft:  Progress 7K-TGM No. 210
Numbers: 1991 payload #94 ; 1991-057A ; 4676th spacecraft.
Type: Cargo delivery to Mir
Sponsor: Soviet Union (Korolev's Design Bureau)
Launch: 21 August 1991 at 23h02 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-1, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U2 G15000-047).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Resurs F-13
Spacecraft:  Resurs-F2 17F42 No. 7
Numbers: 1991 payload #95 ; 1991-058A ; 4677th spacecraft.
Type: Earth remote sensing
Sponsor: Soviet Union
Launch: 21 August 1991 at 10h50 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-43/3, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Kosmos 2154
Spacecraft:  Parus
Numbers: 1991 payload #96 ; 1991-059A ; 4678th spacecraft.
Type: Navigation
Sponsor: Soviet Union (Korolev's Design Bureau)
Launch: 22 August 1991 at 12h43 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-132/1?, by a Kosmos C-1 (11K65M 53778-429).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
BS-3B / Yuri-3B
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1991 payload #97 ; 1991-060A ; 4679th spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: Japan's TSCJ
Launch: 25 August 1991 at 8h40 UTC, from Tanegashima Space Center's N (or O)?, by a H-1 (H-23(F)).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
IRS 1B
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1991 payload #98 ; 1991-061A ; 4680th spacecraft.
Type: Earth remote sensing
Sponsor: India
Launch: 29 August 1991 at 6h48 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-31, by an A-1/"Vostok" (8A92M).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Solar A / Yohkoh
Spacecraft:
Numbers: 1991 payload #99 ; 1991-062A ; 4681st spacecraft.
Type: Solar observatory
Sponsor: Japan's ISAS
Launch: 30 August 1991 at 2h30 UTC, from Kagoshima Space Center's M1, by a Mu-3S-II (M-3S2-6).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Kosmos
Spacecraft:  Tselina-2
Numbers: 1991 payload #100 ; 1991 3rd loss ; 4682nd spacecraft.
Type: Electronic intelligence
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 30 August 1991 at 8h58 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-45/1, by a J-1/Zenit-2.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
STS-48
Spacecraft:  Discovery
Numbers: 1991 payload #101 ; 1991-063A ; 4683rd spacecraft.
Type: Piloted spacecraft
Sponsor: NASA
Launch: 12 September 1991 at 23h11 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-39A, by the Space Shuttle.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
UARS
Spacecraft:  Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite
Numbers: 1991 payload #102 ; 1991-063B ; 4684th spacecraft.
Type: Earth upper atmosphere studies
Sponsor: NASA
Launch: 12 September 1991 at 23h11 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-39A, by the Space Shuttle. Deployed from Discovery cargo bay on 15 September 1991.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: NASA's 2010-2014 NASA News Releases ;
Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Kosmos 2155
Spacecraft:  Prognoz / SPRN No. 7
Numbers: 1991 payload #103 ; 1991-064A ; 4685th spacecraft.
Type: Missile early warning
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 13 September 1991 at 17:51 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-81/23, by a D-1-e/Proton-K/DM-2 (8K82K 353-01 / 11S861 54L).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Molniya 3-41
Spacecraft:  Molniya-3 No. 48
Numbers: 1991 payload #104 ; 1991-065A ; 4686th spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: Soviet Union
Launch: 17 September 1991 at 20h02 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmdrome's LC-43/4, by an A-2-e/"Molniya" (8K78M / ML).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Kosmos 2156
Spacecraft:  Yantar-4K2 no. 58 / Kobal't
Numbers: 1991 payload #105 ; 1991-066A ; 4687th spacecraft.
Type: Reconnaissance
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 19 September 1991 at 16h33 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-43/3, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Anik E1 / Telesat
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1991 payload #106 ; 1991-067A ; 4688th spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: Telesat Canada
Launch: 26 September 1991 at 23h43 UTC, from Kourou Space Center's ELA-2, by an Ariane 44P (V46).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Kosmos 2157
Spacecraft:  Strela-3
Numbers: 1991 payload #107 ; 1991-068A ; 4689th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (store/dump)
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 28 September 1991 at 6h57 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-32, by a F-2/Tsyklon 3.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Kosmos 2158
Spacecraft:  Strela-3
Numbers: 1991 payload #108 ; 1991-068B ; 4690th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (store/dump)
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 28 September 1991 at 6h57 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-32, by a F-2/Tsyklon 3.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Kosmos 2159
Spacecraft:  Strela-3
Numbers: 1991 payload #109 ; 1991-068C ; 4691st spacecraft.
Type: Communications (store/dump)
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 28 September 1991 at 6h57 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-32, by a F-2/Tsyklon 3.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Kosmos 2160
Spacecraft:  Strela-3
Numbers: 1991 payload #110 ; 1991-068D ; 4692nd spacecraft.
Type: Communications (store/dump)
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 28 September 1991 at 6h57 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-32, by a F-2/Tsyklon 3.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Kosmos 2161
Spacecraft:  Strela-3
Numbers: 1991 payload #111 ; 1991-068E ; 4693rd spacecraft.
Type: Communications (store/dump)
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 28 September 1991 at 6h57 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-32, by a F-2/Tsyklon 3.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Kosmos 2162
Spacecraft:  Strela-3
Numbers: 1991 payload #112 ; 1991-068F ; 4694th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (store/dump)
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 28 September 1991 at 6h57 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-32, by a F-2/Tsyklon 3.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Soyuz TM-13
Spacecraft:  Soyuz 7K-STM No. 63
Numbers: 1991 payload #113 ; 1991-069A ; 4695th spacecraft.
Type: Piloted spacecraft
Sponsor: Soviet Union (Korolev's Design Bureau)
Launch: 2 October 1991 at 5h59 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-1, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U2).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Foton 4
Spacecraft:  Foton No. 7L
Numbers: 1991 payload #114 ; 1991-070A ; 4696th spacecraft.
Type: Material processing
Sponsor: Soviet Union
Launch: 4 October 1991 at 18h14 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-43/4, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Kosmos 2163
Spacecraft:  Don (3) / Orlets-1 no. 3
Numbers: 1991 payload #115 ; 1991-071A ; 4697th spacecraft.
Type: Reconnaissance
Sponsor: Soviet Union (Korolev's Design Bureau)
Launch: 9 October 1991 at 13h12 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-1, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U2).
Orbit: Initial: 171 km x 352 km x 64.8°
Final: 208 km x 355 km x 64.8°
Recovered: 59 days
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 506 ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Kosmos 2164
Spacecraft:  Taifun-1B
Numbers: 1991 payload #116 ; 1991-072A ; 4698th spacecraft.
Type: Radar calibration
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 10 October 1991 at 13h55 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-132/1, by a Kosmos C-1 (11K65M 53778-420).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Progress M-10
Spacecraft:  Progress 7K-TGM No. 211
Numbers: 1991 payload #117 ; 1991-073A ; 4699th spacecraft.
Type: Cargo delivery to Mir
Sponsor: Soviet Union (Korolev's Design Bureau)
Launch: 17 October 1991 at 0h05 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-1, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U2 15000-055).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Gorizont 24
Spacecraft:  Gorizont No. 35L
Numbers: 1991 payload #118 ; 1991-074A ; 4700th spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: Soviet Union
Launch: 23 October 1991 at 15h25 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-200/39, by a D-1-e/Proton-K/DM-2 (8K82K 362-02 / 11S861 55L).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Intelsat 601
Spacecraft:  Intelsat VI F-1
Numbers: 1991 payload #119 ; 1991-075A ; 4701st spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: Intelsat
Launch: 29 October 1991 at 21h36 UTC, from Kourou Space Center's ELA-2, by an Ariane 44L (V47).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
NOSS / SLDCOM 2 (USA 72)
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1991 payload #120 ; 1991-076A ; 4702nd spacecraft.
Type: Ocean surveillance
Sponsor: U.S. Navy
Launch: 8 November 1991 at 7h12 UTC, from Vandenberg Air Force Base's SLC-4E, by a Titan 4 (Titan 403A K-8 (45F-2)).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
SSU (USA 74)
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1991 payload #121 ; 1991-076C ; 4703rd spacecraft.
Type: Ocean surveillance
Sponsor: U.S. Navy
Launch: 8 November 1991 at 7h12 UTC, from Vandenberg Air Force Base's SLC-4E, by a Titan 4 (Titan 403A K-8 (45F-2)).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
SSU (USA 76)
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1991 payload #122 ; 1991-076D ; 4704th spacecraft.
Type: Ocean surveillance
Sponsor: U.S. Navy
Launch: 8 November 1991 at 7h12 UTC, from Vandenberg Air Force Base's SLC-4E, by a Titan 4 (Titan 403A K-8 (45F-2)).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
SSU (USA 77)
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1991 payload #123 ; 1991-076E ; 4705th spacecraft.
Type: Ocean surveillance
Sponsor: U.S. Navy
Launch: 8 November 1991 at 7h12 UTC, from Vandenberg Air Force Base's SLC-4E, by a Titan 4 (Titan 403A K-8 (45F-2)).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Kosmos 2165
Spacecraft:  Strela-3
Numbers: 1991 payload #124 ; 1991-077A ; 4706th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (store/dump)
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 12 November 1991 at 20h09 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-32, by a F-2/Tsyklon 3.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Kosmos 2166
Spacecraft:  Strela-3
Numbers: 1991 payload #125 ; 1991-077B ; 4707th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (store/dump)
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 12 November 1991 at 20h09 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-32, by a F-2/Tsyklon 3.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Kosmos 2167
Spacecraft:  Strela-3
Numbers: 1991 payload #126 ; 1991-077C ; 4708th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (store/dump)
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 12 November 1991 at 20h09 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-32, by a F-2/Tsyklon 3.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Kosmos 2168
Spacecraft:  Strela-3
Numbers: 1991 payload #127 ; 1991-077D ; 4709th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (store/dump)
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 12 November 1991 at 20h09 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-32, by a F-2/Tsyklon 3.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Kosmos 2169
Spacecraft:  Strela-3
Numbers: 1991 payload #128 ; 1991-077E ; 4710th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (store/dump)
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 12 November 1991 at 20h09 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-32, by a F-2/Tsyklon 3.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Kosmos 2170
Spacecraft:  Strela-3
Numbers: 1991 payload #129 ; 1991-077F ; 4711th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (store/dump)
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 12 November 1991 at 20h09 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-32, by a F-2/Tsyklon 3.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Kosmos 2171
Spacecraft:  Yantar-4K2 no. 59 / Kobal't
Numbers: 1991 payload #130 ; 1991-078A ; 4712th spacecraft.
Type: Reconnaissance
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 20 November 1991 at 19h12 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-43/3, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Kosmos 2172
Spacecraft:  Potok no. 7 s/n 18L / Geizer No. 18L
Numbers: 1991 payload #131 ; 1991-079A ; 4713th spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 22 November 1991 at 13h27 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-81/23, by a D-1-e/Proton-K/DM-2 (8K82K 353-02 / 11S861 51L).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
STS-44
Spacecraft:  Atlantis
Numbers: 1991 payload #132 ; 1991-080A ; 4714th spacecraft.
Type: Piloted spacecraft
Sponsor: NASA
Launch: 25 November 1991 at 23h45 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-39A, by the Space Shuttle.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
DSP 16 (USA 75)
Spacecraft:  DSP F16
Numbers: 1991 payload #133 ; 1991-080B ; 4715th spacecraft.
Type: Missile early warning
Sponsor: U.S. Air Force

Source: A. Parsch
Launch: 25 November 1991 at 23h45 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-39A, by the Space Shuttle. Deployed from Atlantis cargo bay on 25 November 1991.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ; DSP, A Pictorial ;
.
Kosmos 2173
Spacecraft:  Parus
Numbers: 1991 payload #134 ; 1991-081A ; 4716th spacecraft.
Type: Navigation
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 27 November 1991 at 3h36 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-133/3, by a Kosmos C-1 (11K65M 65048-409).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
DMSP Block F-11 (USA 73) 
Spacecraft:  DMSP S-12
Numbers: 1991 payload #135 ; 1991-082A ; 4717th spacecraft.
Type: Meteorology
Sponsor: U.S. Air Force

Source : A, Parsch
Launch: 28 November 1991 at 13h26 UTC, from Vandenberg Air Force Base's SLC-3W, by an Atlas E (53E / Star-37S-ISS).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission: The satellite, which was retired in 1995, has exploded in orbit in May 2004 with debris objects generated. It seems likely the fragmentation was due to either a battery explosion or to residual fuel in the attitude control system.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 527 ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Eutelsat II F-3
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1991 payload #136 ; 1991-083A ; 4718th spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: Eutelsat
Launch: 7 December 1991 at 21h36 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-36B, by an Atlas II (3, AC-102 / Centaur II 8102).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Telecom 2A
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1991 payload #137 ; 1991-084A ; 4719th spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: France Telecom
Launch: 16 December 1991 at 23h19 UTC, from Kourou Space Center's ELA-2, by an Ariane 44L (V48).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Inmarsat II F-3
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1991 payload #138 ; 1991-084B ; 4720th spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: Inmarsat
Launch: 16 December 1991 at 23h19 UTC, from Kourou Space Center's ELA-2, by an Ariane 44L (V48).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Kosmos 2174
Spacecraft: Yantar-1KFT no. 14 / Kometa No. 14
Numbers: 1991 payload #139 ; 1991-085A ; 4721st spacecraft.
Type: Reconnaissance
Sponsor: Soviet Union's Defense ministry
Launch: 17 December 1991 at 11h02 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-31, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Intercosmos 25
Spacecraft:  AUOS-Z No. 301 (APEKS-IK)
Numbers: 1991 payload #140 ; 1991-086A ; 4722nd spacecraft.
Type: Earth upper atmosphere studies
Sponsor: Soviet Union + Eart-European countries
Launch: 18 December 1991 at 3h50 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-32/2, by a F-2/Tsyklon 3.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Magion 3
Spacecraft:  S2-AP
Numbers: 1991 payload #141 ; 1991-086B ; 4723rd spacecraft.
Type: Geophysices
Sponsor: Czechoslovakia
Launch: 18 December 1991 at 3h50 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-32/2, by a F-2/Tsyklon 3.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Raduga 28
Spacecraft:  Gran' No. 39L
Numbers: 1991 payload #142 ; 1991-087A ; 4724th spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: Soviet Union
Launch: 19 December 1991 at 11h41 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-81/23, by a D-1-e/Proton-K/DM-2 (8K82K 355-01 / 11S861 52L).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
DFH 2A-4 / Zhongxing 4 ("Chinasat 34")
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1991 payload #143 ; 1991-088A ; 4725th spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: China
Launch: 28 December 1991 at 12h00 UTC, from Xichang's LC-1, by a Chang Zheng 3 (CZ3-8).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
© Claude Lafleur, 2004-10 Mes sites web: claudelafleur.qc.ca