The Spacecrafts Encyclopedia

Q & A	The Big Picture	Megatables
Main Statistics	Space Launchers	Presentation of the Encyclopedia
Spacecrafts Families	What's New	Who Am I ?

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Presentation of The Spacecraft Encyclopedia

Why an encyclopedia on all spacecrafts ever launched? Because, beyond all projects, plans, "what we will do..." and "what we could have done if...", this is what Space exploration and operations are all about.

This website tries to compile the most comprehensive list of all spacecrafts ever launched (successfully or not) sponsored by every governments, organizations and corporations since October 1957. With more than 6,500 spacecrafts, this encyclopedia represents a collossal endeavour which is only possible by starting with the works of such "giants" as Jonathan McDowell, Mark Wade, Asif Siddiqi, NASA Historians, NSSDC and many other sources.

The basic data for each spacecraft are presented in an entry written in "plain english", trying to be as accurate and concise as possible. Entries are grouped by year of launch, that is: entries for all spacecrafts launched in a year are on the same web page. Additional informations are available in the web links presented below each entry.

Everything You Ever Wanted
To Know About Spacecrafts !

•	How Many Spacecrafts Were Launched?
•	How Many Spacecrafts Are Russian, American, European, Etc.?
•	What Proportion of These Spacecrafts Is Military and Which is Civilian?
•	What Proportion of Spacecrafts had Accomplished Their mission, and Which Had Failed?
•	For What Purpose Spacecrafts Are Launched?
•	How Many Spacecrafts Are Piloted?
•	How Many Probes Were Launched To Explore Our Solar System?
•	How Many Communications Satellites Were Launched?
•	How Many Meteosats Were Launched?
•	What About Launchers: How Many, Which Are the Most Frequently Used and the Bests?
•	What’s the Cifference Between Spacecraft, Satellite, Spaceship and Probes?

The Big Picture

Since 1957, we launched an average of 132 spacecrafts a year. In all, 6,854 spacecrafts were launched between 1957 and 2009. They included satellites (in Earth orbit), piloted spaceships and planetary probes. The left graph shows the number of spacecrafts launched every year. Color red represents spacecrafts launched for Russia, blue represents spacecrafts launched for the United States, yellow represents other governments (Europe, Japan, China, India, Canada, Israel & Other governments) and green represents non-governmental spacecrafts (commercial and amateur/student). This graph shows that the majority of spacecrafts were launched for Russia, mainly in the 1970s and 1980s. The graph at right shows the number of spacecraft launched in the last ten years (2000-2009). An average of 106 spacecrafts were launched in recent years, with about a quarter each for Russia, United States, other governments and non-government. (Click on each graph to enlarge.)

Yearly Summary of Spacecrafts Launched

1957	1958	1959	1960	1961	1962	1963	1964	1965	1966
1967	1968	1969	1970	1971	1972	1973	1974	1975	1976
1977	1978	1979	1980	1981	1982	1983	1984	1985	1986
1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996
1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006
2007	2008	2009	2010

Spacecraft by Countries

Algeria	Arab Countries	Argentina	Australia	Belgium
Brazil	Canada	Chile	China	Czeck Repûblic
Denmark	Egypt	Europe (All)	European Agencies	France
Germany	India	Indonesia	Italy	Iran
Israel	Japan	Kazakhstan	Korea (South)	Malaysia
Mexico	Morocco	Netherlands	Nigeria	Norway
Pakistan	Russia (Soviet Union)	Spain	Sweden	Taiwan
Thailand	Turkey	Ukraine	United Kingdom	United States

The Encyclopedia Megatables

The table below presents the numbers of spacecraft launched every year. Il also gives access to the main lists that formed this encyclopedia.

•	To view all spacecrafts launched on a given year, click on the year in the first colum of the table.
•	To view all Russian, or all American, or all European... spacecrafts, click on the country name on top of the table.
•	To view the list of all, or Russian, or American, or European, etc. spacecrafts launch on a given year, click on the appropriate number in the colums.
•	Each list give spacecraft names. Click on one of them to access the entry giving main data on this mission.

Table I - Number of Spacecrafts Launched Each Year

Year Summary	Year in Review	Total	U.S.S.R. /Russia	United States	Europe	Japan	China	India	Canada	Israel	Other gov.	Com- mercial	Amateur /Student
1957	.	3	2	1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
1958	.	28	5	23	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
1959	Review	24	4	20	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
1960	Review	44	9	35	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
1961	Review	60	9	50	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	1
1962	Review	96	22	70	1	.	.	.	1	.	.	1	1
1963	.	97	24	72	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	1	.
1964	.	127	43	82	2	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
1965	.	180	71	103	2	.	.	.	1	.	.	1	2
1966	.	174	54	116	1	2	.	.	.	.	.	1	.
1967	.	172	74	88	5	1	.	.	.	.	1	3	.
1968	.	166	85	75	4	.	.	.	.	.	.	2	.
1969	.	155	84	61	4	1	1	.	1	.	.	3	.
1970	.	142	95	33	7	2	1	.	.	.	.	3	1
1971	.	175	111	49	9	2	1	.	1	.	.	2	.
1972	.	143	98	35	5	1	.	.	1	.	.	2	1
1973	.	146	114	26	3	.	1	.	1	.	.	1	.
1974	.	136	101	18	10	1	2	.	.	.	.	3	1
1975	.	168	120	30	7	2	3	1	1	.	.	4	.
1976	.	164	125	23	2	2	3	.	1	.	1	7	.
1977	.	147	113	21	6	4	.	.	.	.	1	2	.
1978	.	174	125	35	4	4	1	.	1	.	.	3	1
1979	.	134	108	15	2	2	3	2	.	.	.	2	.
1980	.	144	111	21	6	2	.	1	.	.	.	2	1
1981	.	160	125	15	5	3	3	3	.	.	.	5	1
1982	.	160	134	12	2	1	1	1	2	.	.	7	.
1983	.	162	118	26	2	3	1	2	1	.	1	7	1
1984	.	169	117	30	5	3	3	.	1	.	1	8	1
1985	.	172	121	28	3	2	1	.	1	.	7	8	1
1986	.	151	123	16	2	3	2	.	.	.	1	3	1
1987	.	141	118	13	2	3	2	1	.	.	2	.	.
1988	.	155	115	17	6	2	4	3	.	1	.	6	1
1989	.	139	100	25	5	2	.	.	.	.	.	7	.
1990	.	173	100	31	8	6	5	1	.	1	3	11	7
1991	.	143	85	32	9	3	1	1	2	.	.	7	3
1992	.	135	80	24	10	2	2	2	1	.	4	9	1
1993	.	118	60	32	5	1	1	2	.	.	3	8	6
1994	.	130	65	34	3	4	4	2	.		6	12	.
1995	.	113	39	30	10	3	.	2	1	1	3	20	4
1996	.	112	34	37	12	1	2	1	1	1	10	11	2
1997	.	158	28	26	10	4	2	2	.	.	4	81	1
1998	.	174	28	23	12	2	1	.	.	1	8	95	4
1999	.	133	17	24	8	1	4	2	1	.	8	66	2
2000	.	131	32	35	17	2	6	1	1	.	5	28	4
2001	.	93	29	31	8	4	2	2	1	.	3	13
2002	.	101	21	18	12	8	8	2	.1	1	4	22	4
2003	.	98	22	23	8	8	9	4	2	1	7	8	6
2004	.	77	21	10	13	.	10	1	1	1	3	14	3
2005	Review	78	21	13	15	4	6	3	1	.	3	10	2
2006	Review	116	15	29	9	9	7	1	.	1	16	10	19
2007	Review	123	18	32	9	6	9	5	2	1	12	20	9
2008	Review	111	21	15	11	3	14	4	3	2	8	23	7
2009	Review	129	29	28	17	6	5	3	2	.	9	17	13
2010	.	>>	>>	>>	>>	>>	>>	>>	>>	>>	>>	>>	>>
Total	.	6,854	3,543	1,811	318	125	131	55	34	12	133	580	112
.	.	100%	51.7%	26.4%	4.6%	1.8%	1.9%	0.8%	0.5%	0.2%	1.9%	8.5%	1.6%
.	.	Total	U.S.S.R. /Russia	United States	Europe	Japan	China	India	Canada	Israel	Other gov.	Com- mercial	Amateur /Student

Source: © Claude Lafleur's Spacecraft Encyclopedia, 2005-2010

Table 2 - Main Statistics
(as of 31 December 2009)

		1957-2009	Yearly average	Percent
•	Total Number of Spacecrafts Launched:	6,884 spacecrafts	132 spacecrafts/year
	(See complete list)
.
•	Number of Russian Spacecrafts:	3,543 spacecrafts	68 spacecrafts/year	51.7 %
•	Number of American Spacecrafts:	1,811 spacecrafts	35 spacecrafts/year	26.4 %
•	Number of Other Governements Spacecrafts: (Europe,Japan, China, India, Canada, Other)	809 spacecrafts	16 spacecrafts/year	11.8 %
•	Number of Commercial Spacecrafts	579 spacecrafts	11 spacecrafts/year	8.5 %
•	Number of Amateur Spacecrafts	99 spacecrafts	2 spacecrafst/yeat	1,6 %
	(See Table 3)
.
•	Number of Civilian Spacecrafts:	3,099 spacecrafts	60 spacecrafts/year	45.2 %
•	Number of Military Spacecrafts:	3,755 spacecrafts	72 spacecrafts/year	54.8 %
	(See Table 4)
.
•	Number of Successfull Spacecrafts:	6,122 spacecrafts	118 spacecrafts/year	89.3 %
•	Number of Failed Spacecrafts:	732 spacecrafts	14 spacecrafts/year	10.7 %
	(See Table 6)
.
	Civilian Programs:
•	Number of Piloted Spaceships (+ 35 military):	539 spacecrafts	10 spacecrafts/year	7.9 %
•	Number of Planetary Probes:	217 spacecrafts	4 spacecrafts/year	3.2 %
•	Number of Communications Satellites:	1,108 spacecrafts	21 spacecrafts/year	16.2 %
•	Number of Meteorology Satellites:	174 spacecrafts	3 spacecrafts/year	2.5 %
	(See Table 8)
.
	Military Satellites:
•	Number of Surveillance (''spy”) Satellites: (photo,ellint, ocean, missile surveillance):	1,804 spacecrafts	35 spacecrafts/year	26.3 %
•	Number of Military Services Satellites: (communications, navigation, meteo, etc.)	1,382 spacecrafts	27 spacecrafts/year	20.2 %
	(See Table 9)

Source: © Claude Lafleur's Spacecraft Encyclopedia, 2005-2010

Military vs. Civilian Spacecrafts Launched

These two graphs traced the evolution of the number of military and civilian spacracfts launched from 1957 to 2009. The graph at left shows that the majority of military spacecrafts were launched by the Soviet Union during the 1970s and 1980s (red), and a net decrease during the last fifteen years. About 30 military spacecrafts were launched in recent years. The graph at right shows civilian spacecraft launched; in general, the numbers are relatively constant throughout the last 50 years (about 75 a year), except for a "surge" in commercial spacecrafts launched at the end of the 1990s (green). (Click on each graph to enlarge.)

Other tables
• Table 3 - Spacecraft Sponsors
• Table 4 - Civilian vs. Military Spacecrafts
• Table 5 - The Four Main Spacecraft Sources
• Table 6 - Success and Failure Ratio
• Table 7 - Spacecrafts Failure Modes
• Table 8 - Civilian Families Statistics
• Table 9 - Military Families Statistics

Table 10 - Number of Spacecrafts Launched by Family

Civilian Families

Piloted Programs	Earth/Space Science	Biology	Asstronomy / Sun
Planetary Exploration	Communications	Meteorology	Remote Sensing
Material Processing	Amateur/Student	Technology

Space Exploration

Space Applications

R & D

Year	Piloted	Science	Biology	Astro- nomy	Plane- tary
1957	.	.	1		.
1958	.	13	.	.	7
1959	.	8	.	.	6
1960	8	3	.	.	7
1961	12	8	.	.	4
1962	5	9	.	1	11
1963	3	3	.	.1	4
1964	3	14	.	3	10
1965	9	12	.	4	12
1966	15	9	2	3	10
1967	10	11	1	4	10
1968	14	13	.	6	3
1969	18	9	1	2	12
1970	6	11	1	2	6
1971	11	14	.	1	10
1972	9	11	.	2	5
1973	9	5	1	2	8
1974	6	5	1	3	2
1975	7	11	1	3	7
1976	2	6	.	1	1
1977	3	8	1	1	2
1978	10	11	.	3	8
1979	8	8	1	2	.
1980	10	1	.	1	.
1981	6	10	.	2	2
1982	11	1	.	1	.
1983	9	2	1	4	2
1984	13	7	.	.	4
1985	11	4	1	1	2
1986	7	4	.	1	.
1987	11	2	1	1	.
1988	11	3	.	.	6
1989	9	8	1	3	3
1990	12	5	.	3	3
1991	11	4	.	3	.
1992	14	11	1	1	1
1993	14	1	.	3	.
1994	15	6	.	1	(1)
1995	16	4	.	5	.
1996	13	11	1	6	9
1997	14	1	.	4	2
1998	12	4	.	2	4
1999	7	3	.	5	4
2000	13	8	.	2	.
2001	18	6	.	3	2
2002	12	3	.	2	1
2003	7	5	.	5	9
2004	6	5	.	1	3
2005	8	4	.	1	4
2006	8	9	1	5	1
2007	9	6	.	1	6
2008	14	9	.	1	2
2009	15	7	.	4	2
2010	>>	>>	.	>>	>>
Total	504	355	18	116	217
	7.36%	5.18%	0.26%	1.69%	3.17%
	Piloted	Science	Biology	Astro- nomy	Plane- tary

Commu- nications	Meteo- rology	Remote Sensing	Meterial Process
.	.	.	.
.	.	.	.
.	.	.	.
2	2	.	.
.	1	.	.
2	3	.	.
3	4	.	.
5	2	.	.
3	4	.	.
4	6	.	.
7	6	.	.
6	5	.	.
5	5	.	.
9	7	.	.
5	5	.	.
9	5	1	.
10	4	.	.
11	7	.	.
17	8	2	.
20	4	.	.
12	7	.	.
15	4	2	.
13	4	7	.
13	4	5	.
20	6	4	1
25	2	4	.
27	3	9	1
24	4	8	1
30	3	7	1
18	3	6	1
12	3	6	1
26	5	9	1
20	4	7	1
31	3	6	2
26	4	7	1
26	.	5	2
23	3	6	.
26	4	3	1
25	2	5	4
36	.	1	1
91	3	7	1
106	1	2	.
73	2	12	1
41	3	5	.
20	2	4	.
36	4	6	2
20	.	6	.
22	1	6	.
21	3	4	1
22	4	6	1
32	.	10	2
33	2	6	.
24	3	7	.
>>	>>	>>	.
1107	174	191	27
16.16%	2.54%	2.79%	0.39%
Commu- nications	Meteo- rology	Remote Sensing	Meterial Process

Amateur /Student	Tech- nology
.	2
.	1
.	.
.	.
1	.
1	.
.	2
.	5
2	8
.	6
.	6
.	3
.	6
1	6
.	5
1	2
.	2
1	7
.	5
.	1
.	4
3	4
.	2
1	7
7	3
2	1
1	1
1	2
1	2
1	2
.	1
1	.
.	.
7	2
3
1	4
5	4
1	7
4	4
2	3
2	8
6	9
2	8
4	17
3	9
6	14
6	10
4	3
1	15
20	10
8	10
7	10
13	18
>>	>>
130	261
1.90%	3.81%
Amateur /Student	Tech- nology

Space Exploration:

Space Applications:

R & D:

1,210 Spacecrafts
(17.7 %)

1,499 Spacecrafts
(21.9 %)

391 Spacecrafts
(5.7 %)

Source: © Claude Lafleur's Spacecraft Encyclopedia, 2005-2010

Military Families

Surveillance	Electronic Intelligence	Missile Early Warning	Nuclear Test Monitor
Ocean Surveillance	Communications	Navigation	Radar Calibration
Meteorology	Space Defense	Antisatellite Tests	Piloted Programs
Science & Technology

Military Applications

Military Services

R & D

Year	Surveil lance	Early war- ning	Elec- tronic Intel	Nuclear Moni- toring	Ocean Surveil- lance
1957	.	.	.	.	.
1958	.	.	.	.	.
1959	5	.	.	.	.
1960	9	2	2	.	.
1961	21	2	1	.	.
1962	33	2	6	.	.
1963	30	3	10	2	.
1964	37	.	10	2	.
1965	40	.	7	2	1
1966	47	3	10	.	1
1967	44	.	6	2	1
1968	45	.	10	.	1
1969	44	.	9	2	1
1970	39	2	8	2	1
1971	40	1	10	.	6
1972	39	2	10	.	1
1973	42	2	9	.	2
1974	37	1	7	.	3
1975	38	3	10	.	4
1976	40	2	10	.	8
1977	38	4	11	.	7
1978	36	3	9	.	.
1979	35	4	7	.	2
1980	34	6	6	.	11
1981	38	7	5	.	6
1982	39	6	8	.	7
1983	34	3	6	.	10
1984	33	10	6	.	8
1985	29	8	11	.	6
1986	31	7	8	.	9
1987	32	5	9	.	10
1988	33	5	8	.	3
1989	25	3	4	.	3
1990	22	7	5	.	8
1991	14	3	2	.	5
1992	14	6	6	.	.
1993	8	3	4	.	8
1994	8	3	5	.	1
1995	6	1	4	.	3
1996	5	.	2	.	5
1997	4	4	2	.	1
1998	5	2	2	.	1
1999	3	2	1	.	1
2000	5	1	1	.	.
2001	2	2	.	.	3
2002	4	2	.	.	.
2003	7	1	1	`.	2
2004	6	1	7	.	1
2005	5	.	2	.	.
2006	5	1	4	.	.
2007	9	2	1	.	2
2008	8	2	3	.	.
2009	8	.	2	.	.
2010	>>	>>	>>	.	>>
Total	1215	139	287	12	153
	17.73%	2.03%	4.19%	0.18%	2.23%
	Surveil lance	Early war- ning	Elec- tronic Intel.	Nuclear Moni- toring	Ocean Surveil- lance

Commu- nications .	Navi- gation	Radar Calib.	Meteo- rology
.	.	.	.
.	.	.	.
.	1	.	.
2	3	.	.
.	3	.	.
.	1	3	2
1	4	1	3
8	4	2	4
26	4	9	4
16	4	1	3
14	5	5	3
11	2	5	2
1	3	8	1
12	5	.	2
22	2	4	2
19	4	2	2
28	6	.	1
19	5	3	2
29	5	1	1
30	9	4	2
13	10	6	1
43	12	2	1
22	6	3	1
28	9	4	1
28	7	4	.
32	11	6	1
21	14	9	1
25	18	4	.
29	15	3	.
36	10	3	.
27	14	3	1
20	16	3	1
26	14	3	.
30	15	3	1
30	10	3	1
24	17	.	.
18	13	2	.
19	12	8	1
8	13	7	1
5	6	1	.
5	5	.	.
10	5	.	.
3	2	.	1
8	9	.	.
7	5	.	.
3	5	.	.
7	8	1	1
3	7	.	.
2	5	.	.
3	5	.	1
5	11	.	.
4	7	.	.
10	7	.	1
>>	>>	>>	>>
792	393	126	54
11.56%	5.74%	1.84%	0.74%
Commu- nications .	Navi- gation	Radar Calib.	Meteo- rology

Space Defense	Antisa- tellite	Piloted	Science & Techno.
.	.	.	.
.	.	.	7
.	.	.	4
.	.	.	4
.	.	.	7
.	.	.	17
.	1	.	22
.	1	.	17
2	.	.	31
5	.	1	28
10	1	.	26
4	4	.	32
1	.	.	27
2	4	.	16
1	6	.	30
.	1	1	18
.	.	1	14
.	.	3	13
.	1	3	15
.	7	5	13
.	7	4	8
.	1	2	4
.	.	2	7
.	2	.	1
.	3	.1	.
.	2	1	.
.	.	.3	1
.	.	1	.
.	4	3	1
2	.	.	2
.	.	.	2
2	.	1	1
1	.	2	2
2	.	2	4
6	.	2	8
1	.	.1	.
.	.	..	3
2	.	.	7
.	.	.	1
2	.	.	3
.	.	.	3
.	.	.	3
.	.	.	3
.1	.	.	13
.	.	.	7
.	.	.	1
.	.	.	2
.	.	.	1
.	.	.	2
.	.	.	10
.	1	.	8
.	.	.	3
3	.	.	5
.	.	.	>>
47	46	35	458
0.69%	0.67%	0.51%	6.68%
Space Defense	Antisa- tellite	Piloted	Science & Techno.

Military Applications:

Military Services:

R & D:

1,806 Spacecrafts
(26.3 %)

1,362 Spacecrafts
(19.9 %)

586 Spacecrafts
(8.6 %)

Source: © Claude Lafleur's Spacecraft Encyclopedia, 2005-2010

Space Launchers

“A” Semiorka	Ariane	Athena	Atlas	Black Arrow	Chang Zheng	Conestoga
Delta	Diamant	Dnepr	Energiya	Europa	Falcon	Feng Bao
H (Japan)	Juno/Redstone	Kosmos B	Kosmos C	KT-1	KSLV	Lambda
Minotaur	Mu / M-V	N (Japan)	N1 (USSR)	NOTS	Pegasus	Proton (“D”)
R-36	Rokot	Safir	Saturn	Scout	Shaviyt	Shtill
SLV (India)	Space Shuttle	Start	Strela	Taurus	Thor	Titan
Tsyklon (“F”)	Vanguard	VLS (Brazil)	Volna	Zenit (“J”)

Table 11 - Launchers Ranking

These graphs show the launch rate of all launchers. The graph at left shows the 12 launchers which had been launched more than 100 times. The central graph shows the 14 launchers which had been launched between 10 and 99 times. The graph at right shows the 21 launchers which had been launched less than 10 times. (Click on each graph to enlarge.)

Rank	Launcher Family	Launch Success	Launch Failure	Total Launches	Success Rate	Number of Payload Carried	Percent of Total Payload Carried	First Launch - Last Launch
.
1	Saturn	28	0	28	100 %	46	0.67 %	1961 - 1975
2	Space Shuttle	128	1	129	99.22 %	268	3.91 %	1981 - 2009
3	A / Semiorka (Russia-era)	248	4	252	98.41 %	305	4.45 %	1992 - 2009
4	F / Tsyklon	225	10	235	95.74 %	363	5.30 %	1964 - 2009
5	Delta	332	15	347	95.68 %	473	6.90 %	1960 - 2009
6	Kosmos C	437	24	461	94.79 %	846	12.34 %	1964 - 2009
7	Ariane	182½	10½	193	94.56 %	343	5.01 %	1979 - 2009
-	A / Semiorka (Soviet-era)	1,362	84	1,446	94.19 %	1,497	21.84 %	1957 - 1991
8	N	14	1	15	93.33 %	15	0.22 %	1975 - 1987
9	Chang Zheng	113	9	122	92.62 %	152	2.22 %	1969 - 2009
10	Pegasus	37	3	40	92.50 %	84	1.23 %	1990 - 2008
11	Dnepr	12	1	13	92.31 %	71	1.04 %	1994 - 2009
12	Rokot	12	1	13	92.31 %	31	0.45 %	1994 - 2009
13	Titan	202	18	220	91.82 %	332	4.84 %	1964 - 2005
14	R-36	22½	2½	25	90.00 %	25	0.36 %	1965 - 1971
15	D / Proton	313	38	351	89.17 %	472	6.89 %	1965 - 2009
16	Atlas	307	40	347	88.47 %	480	7.00 %	1958 - 2009
17	Scout	87	12	99	87.88 %	111	1.62 %	1960 - 1994
18	Zenit (J)	62	9	71	87.32 %	92	1.34 %	1985 - 2009
19	Kosmos B	144	21	165	87.27 %	165	2.41 %	1961 - 1977
20	Mu / M-V	26	4	30	86.67 %	36	0.53 %	1970 - 2006
21	Thor	211	33	244	86.48 %	348	5.08 %	1958 - 1965
22	H	28	5	33	84.85 %	62	0.90 %	1986 - 2009
23	Diamant	10	2	12	83.33 %	15	0.22 %	1965 - 1965
24	SLV (India)	20½	8½	29	70.69 %	55	0.80 %	1979 - 2009
25	Juno, Jupiter, Redstone	12	10	22	54.55 %	22	0.32 %	1958 - 1961
26	Vanguard	3	8	11	27.27 %	11	0.16 %	1957 - 1959
.
	Minotaur	8	0	8	100 %	32	0.47 %	2000 - 2009
	Shtil'	2	0	2	100 %	3	0.04 %	1998 - 2006
	Safir	1	0	1	100 %	1	0.01 %	2009
	Strela	1	0	1	100 %	1	0.01 %	2003
	Start	6	1	7	85.71 %	9	0.13 %	1993 - 2006
	Taurus	6	2	8	75.00 %	18	0.26 %	1999 - 2009
	Athena	5	2	7	71.43 %	10	0.15 %	1995 - 2001
	Shaviyt	5	2	7	71.43 %	7	0.10 %	1998 - 2007
	Feng Bao	4	4	8	50.00 %	12	0.18 %	1994 - 1998
	Energiya	1	1	2	50.00 %	2	0.03 %	1987 - 1988
	Black Arrow	1	1	2	50.00 %	2	0.03 %	1994
	Falcon	2	3	5	40.00 %	8	0.12 %	2006 - 2009
	Lambda	1	4	5	20.00 %	5	0.07 %	1966 - 1970
	Conestoga	0	1	1	0 %	1	0.01 %	1998
	KSLV	0	1	1	0 %	1	0.01 %	2009
	Volna	0	1	1	0 %	1	0.01 %	2005
	KT-1	0	2	2	0 %	2	0.03 %	2002 - 2003
	VLS	0	3	3	0 %	4	0.06 %	1993 - 1997
	N-1	0	4	4	0 %	4	0.06 %	1969 - 1972
	Europa	0	4	4	0 %	4	0.06 %	1968 - 1971
	NOTS	0	6	6	0 %	6	0.09 %	1958

	Total	4,621½	416½	5,038	91.73 %	6,854	100 %	1957 - 2009

National Score

Nation	Successful Launches	Launch Failures	Total	Success Rate	% of Total Launches	Spacecraft Launched	% of spacecraft launched
Russia	2,847½	201½	3,049	93.39 %	60.53 %	3,888...	56.7 %...
United States	1,368¼	154¼	1,522	89.88 %	30.22 %	2,250...	32.8 %...
Europe	193½	17½	211	91.71 %	4.19 %	379...	5.5 %...
China	117¼	15¼	132	88.64 %	2.62 %	166...	2.4 %...
Japan	69¼	14¼	83	83.13 %	1.65 %	103...	1.5 %...
India	20½	8½	29	70.69 %	0.55 %	55...	0.8 %...
Israel	5¼	2¼	7	71.43 %	0.14 %	7...	0.1 %...
Brazil	0¼	3¼	3	00.00 %	0.06 %	4...	0.1 %...
Iran	1¼	0¼	1	100.00 %	0.02 %	1...	0.1 %...
S. Korea	0¼	1¼	1	00.00 %	0.02 %	1...	0.1 %...
Total	4,621½	416½	5,038	91.73 %	100.00 %	6,854...	100 %...

50 Years of Space Exploration it Two Graphs

These two graphs summarized the first 50 years of space exploration by answering two questions: who launched spacechips and for what purpose? Click on each graph to view the answer.

Analyses and Essays

•	Costs of U.S. Piloted Programs
.
•	Space Exploration: an Accelerator of New Idead and Technology
.
•	*Space Exploration at a Crossroad, (The Space Review, 6 & 13 October 2008):* Part 1 : Lessons To Be Learned, Part 2 : What Should We Do ?
.
•	No More Dreams, Mr. President (August 2006)

NEW: Tables on Piloted Spaceflight (in French)
• All Piloted Spaceflight in the 1960's, 1970’s, 1980’s, 1990’s and 2000’s
• Piloted Spaceflight by Length (from the longest to the shortest)
• List of all Space Explorers (Astronauts, Cosmonauts, Tourists, etc.)
• Space Explorers by Rank of First Mission
• Space Explorers by Time They Spend in Space
• ISS Expdtition Crews.

WARNING: This Encyclopedia includes some 300 tables and lists (300 web pages) that provide basic data, but it will take time (years?) to fulfill each and every one of them. Please be kind to this "work in progress." (You may wright to me at: lafleur@claudelafleur.qc.ca)

Spacecraft Entries

Master list of All Spacecrafts Ever Launched (a ~1.2 MB webpage)

Alphabetical Index of All spacecrafts (a ~1.0 MB webpage)

Spacecrafts launched in : (~1 MB webpage)

1957	1958	1959	1960	1961	1962	1963	1964	1965	1966
1967	1968	1969	1970	1971	1972	1973	1974	1975	1976
1977	1978	1979	1980	1981	1982	1983	1984	1985	1986
1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996
1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006
2007	2008	2009	2010

Some Interesting Spacecraft Families

•	Spacecrafts (Known) Failures
•	Geostationary Spacecrafts
•
•	ISS Operations (all mission launched toward the International Space Station).
•	The Progress Cargoships Family
•	Transit and Navstar Navigation Satellites

•	U.S. Piloted Programs Costs

Mes sites web: claudelafleur.qc.ca