Home 1999 Summary
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The 133 spacecrafts launched in 1999 :
1) Mars Polar Lander 2) Deep Space-2 "Scott" 3) Deep Space-2 "Amundsen" 4) ROCSAT 1
5) Stardust 6) Globalstar FM-36 7) Globalstar FM-23 8) Globalstar FM-38
9) Globalstar FM-40 10) Telstar 6 11) JCSAT 6 12) Soyuz TM-29
13) ARGOS 14) Orsted 15) Sunsat (SO-35) 16) Arabsat 3A
17) Skynet 4E 18) Raduga 1-4 19) WIRE 20) Globalstar FM-22
21) Globalstar FM-41 22) Globalstar FM-46 23) Globalstar FM-37 24) Asiasat 3S
25) DemoSat 26) Progress M-41 27) Insat 2E 28) DSP 19  (USA 142)
29) Eutelsat W3 30) Globalstar FM-19 31) Globalstar FM-42 32) Globalstar FM-44
33) Globalstar FM-45 34) Landsat 7 35) Sputnik 99 36) Uosat 12  (UO-36)
37) Ikonos 1 38) ABRIXAS 39) Megsat-0 40) Milstar DFS 3  (USA 143)
41) Orion 3 42) FY-1C / Feng Yun 1C 43) SJ-5 / Shi Jian 5 44) TERRIERS
45) MUBLCOM 46) Nimiq / Telesat DTH-1 47) Improved Crystal 5  / KH-12 4 (USA 144) 48) OceanSat 1 / IRS-P4
49) KITSAT 50) DLR-TUBSAT 51) STS-96 / ISS-2A.1 52) Starshine
53) Globalstar M052 54) Globalstar M049 55) Globalstar M025 56) Globalstar M027
57) Iridium 14A 58) Iridium 20A 59) Astra 1H 60) QuikScat
61) FUSE 62) Raduga 63) Molniya 3-50 64) Globalstar M032
65) Globalstar M030 66) Globalstar M035 67) Globalstar M051 68) Progress M-42
69) Okean-O No. 1 70) STS-93 71) AXAF / Chandra 72) Globalstar M026
73) Globalstar M028 74) Globalstar M043 75) Globalstar M048 76) Telkom 1
77) Globalstar M024 78) Globalstar M027 79) Globalstar M053 80) Globalstar M054
81) Kosmos 2365 / Yantar-4K1 82) Kosmos 2366 / Parus 83) Mugunghwa 3 / Koreasat 3 84) Yamal 102
85) Yamal 101 86) Foton 12 87) Globalstar M033 88) Globalstar M050
89) Globalstar M055 90) Globalstar M058 91) Echostar 5 92) Ikonos 2
93) Telstar 7 94) LMI 1 95) Resurs F-1M 96) Navstar 42 (USA 145)
97) DirecTV-1R 98) ZY-1 / Zi Yuan 1 / CBERS 1 99) SACI 1 100) Globalstar M031
101) Globalstar M056 102) Globalstar M057 103) Globalstar M059 104) Telstar 12 / Orion 2
105) Ekspress A 1 106) GE 4 107) MTSAT 108) Shenzhou 1
109) Globalstar M029 110) Globalstar M034 111) Globalstar M039 112)  Globalstar M061
113) UFO F10 (USA 146) 114) Helios 1B 115) Clementine 116) Orbcomm FM30
117) Orbcomm FM31 118) Orbcomm FM32 119) Orbcomm FM33 120) Orbcomm FM34
121) Orbcomm FM35 122) Orbcomm FM36 123) XMM / XMM-Newton 124) DMSP 5D-3 F-15 (USA 147)
125) SACI 2 126) Terra / EOS AM-1 127) STS-103 128) Arirang-1 / KOMPSAT
129) ACRIMSAT 130) Celestis 3 131) Galaxy 11 132) Kosmos 2367 / US-P / US-PM
133) Kosmos 2368 / Oko

Spacecraft Entries

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Mars Polar Lander (MPL)
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #1 ; 1999-001A ; 5666th spacecraft.
Type: Mars probe
Sponsor: NASA
Launch: 3 January 1999 at 20h21 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's SLC-17B, by a Delta 7425 (265).
Orbit: Initial: Solar orbit, Earth-Mars trajectory
Decayed: Crash on Mars on 3 December 1999
Mission: After cruising for 11 months, the Mars Polar Lander was scheduled to land on Mars on 3 December 1999 near the South Pole (at latitude of 75° South). Part of the Mars Surveyor program, MPL consists of a cruise stage and a lander, built by Lockheed Martin Astronautics/Denver. The four-meter diameter, one-meter tall and 560 kg probe was to land on its three legs after deceleration by a retro-thruster and a parachute. A two meter robotic arm equiped with a scoop was to scrape the surface to collect dirt. The dirt was to be heated in a chamber so that the vaporized water (if present) could be detected by a laser equipment. The lander also carried a "hearing aid" to listen and relay any sound waves (that may be excited by sand storms, or botanical objects). Just before landing, MPL would have shoot two microprobes: Deep Space 1 and Deep Space 2.
     The Mars Polar Lander reached Mars as schedule on 3 December 1999. The lander separated from the cruise stage at 19h51 UTC and the two Deep Space 2 penetrators were scheduled to separate about 20 seconds later. But then, nothing has been heard from the three spacecraft and itseems that all perished during atmospheric entry and landing. Landing was expected at 20h01 UTC at 76.1° South and 195.3° West, with the penetrators landing a few kilometers from each other at 75.0° South and 196.5° West. The lack of telemetry during descent makes it very hard to settle on a detailed cause of failure; it is not even clear if MPL and the DS2 penetrators separated from the cruise stage successfully.
     The failure report for the Mars Polar Lander suggests that the most probable cause was a software error in the landing sequence: during final descent, the lander has rocket engines to slow it down: while "not touched down", "fire braking rockets". Unfortunately, the "touched down" signal was not set to false at the beginning of this loop, and was probably set to true earlier in the descent when the shock of landing leg deployment was detected by the touchdown sensor.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 385, 413 & 423 ; Spacewarn No. 543 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-001A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Deep Space-2 / Scott  Probe / Microprobe 1
Spacecraft:
Chronologies: 1999 payload #2 ; 1999-001 ; 5667th spacecraft.
Type: Mars probe
Sponsor: NASA
Launch: 3 January 1999 at 20h21 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's SLC-17B, by a Delta 7425 (265).
Orbit: Initial: Solar orbit, Earth-Mars trajectory
Decayed: Crash on Mars on 3 December 1999
Mission: Attached to the cruise stage of the MPL are two Deep Space 2 Mars Microprobes, penetrator probes which was to slam into the Martian surface a few hundred km away from the MPL landing site. DS2 is part of NASA's New Millenium Program. The microprobes were expected to penetrate one meter into the soil and look for water with the help of a vaporizer and a detection laser. (One meter depth is likely to map as 100,000 years of geology.)
     The Mars Polar Lander reached Mars on 3 December 1999. The two Deep Space 2 penetrators, Scott and Amundsen, were scheduled to separate about 20 seconds later. But nothing has been heard from any of the three spacecraft, and it seems that all perished during atmospheric entry and landing. The penetrators landing was expected a few kilometers from each other at 75.0° South and 196.5° West at the same time.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 385 & 413 ; Spacewarn No. 543 ; National Space Science Data Center's DEEPSP2 ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Deep Space-2 / Amundsen Probe / Microprobe 1
Spacecraft:
Chronologies: 1999 payload #3 ; 1999-001 ; 5668th spacecraft.
Type: Mars probe
Sponsor: NASA
Launch: 3 January 1999 at 20h21 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's SLC-17B, by a Delta 7425 (265).
Orbit: Initial: Solar orbit, Earth-Mars trajectory
Decayed: Crash on Mars on 3 December 1999
Mission: Attached to the cruise stage of the MPL are two Deep Space 2 Mars Microprobes, penetrator probes which was to slam into the Martian surface a few hundred km away from the MPL landing site. DS2 is part of NASA's New Millenium Program. The microprobes were expected to penetrate one meter into the soil and look for water with the help of a vaporizer and a detection laser. (One meter depth is likely to map as 100,000 years of geology.) If found, and if the transmitters had survived the impact, they will send the data to MPL.
     The Mars Polar Lander reached Mars on 3 December 1999. The two Deep Space 2 penetrators, Scott and Amundsen, were scheduled to separate about 20 seconds later. But nothing has been heard from any of the three spacecraft, and it seems that all perished during atmospheric entry and landing. The penetrators landing was expected a few kilometers from each other at 75.0° South and 196.5° West at the same time.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 385 & 413 ; Spacewarn No. 543 ; National Space Science Data Center's DEEPSP2  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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ROCSAT 1
Spacecraft:  Republic of China Satellite
Chronologies: 1999 payload #4 ; 1999-002A ; 5669th spacecraft.
Type: Technology
Sponsor: Taiwan's National Space Program Office
Launch: 27 January 1999 at 0h34 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's SLC-46, by an Athena-1 (LM-6).
Orbit: 589 km x 601 km x 35.0° x 96.6 min
Decayed:
Mission: ROCSAT 1 is a Taiwanese (Republic of China) satellite that a Ka-band experimental communications payload, an ocean color imager experiment to study plankton distribution for fisheries management and an instrument to measure thermal plasma in the equatorial ionosphere. It was built by TRW for Taiwan's National Space Program Office and weights 400 kg.
Notes: In Taiwanese documents written in Chinese, ROCSAT is written using the Chinese name for China (often translated 'Middle Kingdom'). In the Wade-Giles transliteration used in Taiwan, this word is Chunghua (or Chunghwa), as opposed to the mainland Pinyin transliteration in which the same word would be Zhonghua.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 387,392 & 393 ; Spacewarn No. 543 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-002A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Stardust
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #5 ; 1999-003A ; 5670th spacecraft.
Type: Planetary probe
Families: Discovery-4 mission
Sponsor: NASA
Launch: 7 February 1999 at 21h04 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's SLC-17A, by a Delta 7925 (Delta 7426 266).
Orbit: 0.956 AU x 2.216 AU x 0.0° (heliocentric) 
January 2001: 0.983 AU x 2.285 AU x 3.7°
Mission: Stardust is a 350-kg American interplanetary exploration probe that carries traps to collect cometary dust from Comet Wild 2 and "interstellar" dust, and return them to Earth in a capsule that would land on a lake bed in Utah in January 2006. The collector is an aerogel, an inert microphorous silica-based substance. One side of the collector collects the cometary dust during the rendezvous in January 2004, while the other side collects interstellar dust during October 1999-March 2000, and May 2002-October 2002. Comet Wild 2 is a relatively fresh comet that was redirected by Jupiter to a low periapsis (1.583 AU) orbit during its September 1974 encounter. Stardust is the fourth mission in the Discovery program and was built by Lockheed Martin Astronautics/Denver. It uses Denver's Space Probe bus with a return vehicle, the Sample Reentry Capsule (SRC). The SRC is passive and the Stardust bus orients it for entry before separating. The navigation camera is a Voyager spare. Probe mass is 340 kg full.
     On 15 January 2001, the Stardust probe flew past Earth at a distance of 6,012 km and flew near the Moon at a distance of 98,000 km on 16 January. The gravity assist flyby changes it's heliocentric orbit.
     On 2 January 2004 at 19h22 UTC, Stardust flew 230 km from the nucleus of comet 81P/Wild-2 and collected cometary material using aerogel dust collectors.The flyby was at a relative velocity of 6.1 km/s; light time to Earth was 21 min. 40 sec.
     During is 4.63 billion kilometers cruise around the Sun, Stardust had flown past an asteroid (Annefrank), collected particle samples from a comet (Wild 2), and returned them to Earth in a sample return capsule in January 2006. NASA then re-tasked the spacecraft to perform a flyby of comet Tempel 1, a new, low-cost mission called Stardust-NexT, that required another five years and 1.04 billion kilometers. Finally, the Stardust team end the mission on 24 March 2011 by ordering a final burn of its rocket engine (until complete depeltion). The craft sent its last transmission to Earth at 23h33 UT, shortly after a 146-second depleting fuel. Its computer commanded its transmitters off definitively. (Image: the three planetoids photographed by Stardust.)
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 388, 444, 445 & 517 ; Spacewarn No. 544 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-003A ; NASA's Stardust ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; NASA's 2010-2014 NASA News Releases ;
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Globalstar FM-36
Spacecraft:  Globalstar M36
Chronologies: 1999 payload #6 ; 1999-004A ; 5671st spacecraft.
Type: Communications (phone)
Sponsor: U.S. Space Systems/Loral
Launch: 9 February 1999 at 3h54 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-1, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U / Ikar ST01/058).
Orbit: 911 km x 952 km x 52° x 103.5 min
Decayed:
Mission: Third group of four Globalstars spacecrafts of the planned 48-spacecraft (plus four reserves) fleet that will enable voice and data relays from/to telephones far away from cellular networks. The network becomes customer-ready after the 32 become operational. (Plans are for seven Delta 2 launches of 28 spacecrafts.) Each spacecraft weights 450 kg is built by Loral and Alenia.
Launch vehicle: This was the first launch carried out by the Starsem organization, a joint venture including Aerospatiale and TsSKB-Progress (the launch vehicle manufacturer). The satellites dispenser was built by Aerospatiale/Aquitaine (Bordeaux). 
     The first Soyuz-U/Ikar launch vehicle that placed four Globalstar satellites in orbit was a standard Soyuz-U (11A511U) with an extra Ikar payload stage derived from the Yantar' reconnaissance satellite's propulsion module. The Soyuz-U third stage, Blok-I, ignitied at 4 min. 43 sec. and separated at 8 min. 48 sec. into flight in a 236 x 884 km x 52.0° transfer orbit. The Ikar stage, with a Melnikov 17D61 UDMH/N2O4 engine, burned at second apogee, at 6h23 UTC and dispensed the Globalstar satellite on top of the dispenser (FM36) into 915 x 947 km x 52.0° orbit at 7h27 UTC. The three remaining satellites (FM 23, 38 and 40) mounted around the side of the dispenser were released at the same time.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 388 ; Spacewarn No. 544 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-004A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Globalstar FM-23
Spacecraft:  Globalstar M23
Chronologies: 1999 payload #7 ; 1999-004B ; 5672nd spacecraft.
Type: Communications (phone)
Sponsor: U.S. Space Systems/Loral
Launch: 9 February 1999 at 3h54 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-1, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U / Ikar ST01/058).
Orbit: 911 km x 952 km x 52° x 103.5 min
Decayed:
Mission: Third group of four Globalstars spacecrafts of the planned 48-spacecraft (plus four reserves) fleet that will enable voice and data relays from/to telephones far away from cellular networks. The network becomes customer-ready after the 32 become operational. (Plans are for seven Delta 2 launches of 28 spacecrafts.) Each spacecraft weights 450 kg is built by Loral and Alenia.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 388 ; Spacewarn No. 544 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-004B ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Globalstar FM-38
Spacecraft:  Globalstar M38
Chronologies: 1999 payload #8 ; 1999-004C ; 5673rd spacecraft.
Type: Communications (phone)
Sponsor: U.S. Space Systems/Loral
Launch: 9 February 1999 at 3h54 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-1, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U / Ikar ST01/058).
Orbit: 911 km x 952 km x 52° x 103.5 min
Decayed:
Mission: Third group of four Globalstars spacecrafts of the planned 48-spacecraft (plus four reserves) fleet that will enable voice and data relays from/to telephones far away from cellular networks. The network becomes customer-ready after the 32 become operational. (Plans are for seven Delta 2 launches of 28 spacecrafts.) Each spacecraft weights 450 kg is built by Loral and Alenia.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 388 ; Spacewarn No. 544 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-004C ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Globalstar FM-40
Spacecraft:  Globalstar M40
Chronologies: 1999 payload #9 ; 1999-004D ; 5674th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (phone)
Sponsor: U.S. Space Systems/Loral
Launch: 9 February 1999 at 3h54 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-1, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U / Ikar ST01/058).
Orbit: 911 km x 952 km x 52° x 103.5 min
Decayed:
Mission: Third group of four Globalstars spacecrafts of the planned 48-spacecraft (plus four reserves) fleet that will enable voice and data relays from/to telephones far away from cellular networks. The network becomes customer-ready after the 32 become operational. (Plans are for seven Delta 2 launches of 28 spacecrafts.) Each spacecraft weights 450 kg is built by Loral and Alenia.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 388 ; Spacewarn No. 544 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-004D ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Telstar 6
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #10 ; 1999-005A ; 5675th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (multi-service)
Sponsor: U.S. Loral Skynet
Launch: 15 February 1999 at 5h12 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-81/23, by a D-1-e/Proton-K/DM-2M (8K82K 396-01 / DM3).
Orbit: Geostationary at 93° West longitude
Mission: Telstar 6 is an American communications spacecraft that carries 24 C-band and 28 Ku-band transponders to provide voice and video communications to the United States and Canada. It is an FS-1300 class satellite built by Space Systems/Loral and has a launch mass of around 3,700 kg.
Launch: This spacecraft was launched by the International Launch Services.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 389 ; Spacewarn No. 544 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-005A; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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JCSAT 6
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #11 ; 1999-006A ; 5676th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (multi-service)
Sponsor: JSAT / Japan Satellite Systems Inc.
Launch: 16 February 1999 at 1h45 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's SLC-36A, by an Atlas IIAS (AC-152).
Orbit: Geostationary at 124° East longitude
Mission: JCSAT 6 is a Japanese communications spacecraft that provides voice and video communications to East Asia and Japan through its 31 Ku-band transponders. It is operated by JSAT (Japan Satellite Systems Inc., Tokyo). Launch mass is 2,900 kg and dry mass is 1,230 kg.
Launch: This spacecraft was launched by the International Launch Services.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 389 ; Spacewarn No. 544 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-006A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Soyuz TM-29
Spacecraft:  Soyuz 7K-STM No. 78
Chronologies: 1999 payload #12 ; 1999-007A ; 5677th spacecraft.
Type: Pîloted spacecraft
Sponsor: Russian Space Agency
Launch: 20 February 1999 at 4h18 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-1, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U 662).
Orbit: 346 km x 364 km x 51.7° x 91.6 min
Recovered: 28 August 1999 at 0h35 UTC in Kazakhstan.
Mission: Soyuz TM-29 is a Russian transporting spacecraft that carries two cosmonauts to the Mir space complex. Crew commander is Viktor Afanas'ev of the Russian Air Force, flight engineer is Jean-Pierre Haignere of the French space agency CNES, and researcher-cosmonaut is Ivan Bella of Slovakia. It docked with Mir on 22 February 1999 at 5h36 UTC. The crew call sign is 'Derbent'.
     Six months later, Soyuz TM-29 undocked from Mir on 27 August 1999 at 21h17 UTC with the Mir EO-27 crew aboard. The hatch between Mir and Soyuz was closed for the last time at 18h12 UTC. For the first time since September 1989, there are no humans in space.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 390 & 407 ; Spacewarn No. 544 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-007A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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ARGOS
Spacecraft:  STP P91-1 ; Advanced Research Global Observation Satellite
Chronologies: 1999 payload #13 ; 1999-008A ; 5678th spacecraft.
Type: Technology
Sponsor: U.S. Air Force
Launch: 23 February 1999 at 10h30 UTC, from Vandenberg Air Force Base's SLC-2W, by a Delta 7925 (Delta 7920 267).
Orbit: 822 km x 842 km x 98.7° x 102 min
Decayed:
Mission: ARGOS is an American military spacecraft that may be a technology demonstration model and that enables observation of baseline data on Earth's atmospheric constituents. This much-delayed USAF Space Test Program P91-1 satellite carries an electric propulsion experiment, ionospheric instruments and a space dust experiment, as well as NRL's USA hard X-ray astronomy detectors for X-ray binary star timing observations. ARGOS was built by Boeing/Seal Beach (formerly Rockwell). 
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 390 ; Spacewarn No. 544 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-008A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Orsted
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #15 ; 1999-008B ; 5679th spacecraft.
Type: Earth upper atmosphere studies
Sponsor: Danish Meteorological Institute
Launch: 23 February 1999 at 10h30 UTC, from Vandenberg Air Force Base's SLC-2W, by a Delta 7925 (Delta 7920 267).
Orbit: 644 km x 857 km x 96.5° x 100 min
Decayed:
Mission: Oersted (Ørsted) is a 62-kg Danish ionospheric science spacecraft that carries a fluxgate vector magnetometer, an Overhauser magnetometer (for field magnitude only) and particle detectors. It maps the Earth's magnetic field. It is managed and operated by the Danmarks Meteorologiske Institut (Danish Meteorological Institute) in Kobenhavn. The satellite's prime contractor was CRI of Kobenhavn.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 390 ; Spacewarn No. 544 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-008B ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Sunsat / SUNSAT-OSCAR 35 (SO-35)
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #14 ; 1999-008C ; 5680th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (radio-amateur)
Sponsor: South Africa's Stellenbosch University
Launch: 23 February 1999 at 10h30 UTC, from Vandenberg Air Force Base's SLC-2W, by a Delta 7925 (Delta 7920 267).
Orbit: 644 km x 857 km x 96.5° x 100 min
Decayed:
Mission: Sunsat is a South African research/education satellite that carries a small imager and a message relay payload and encourage high school student participation.  The micro-satellite designed and built by post-graduate engineering students in the Electronic Systems Laboratory, in the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering at the University of Stellenbosch.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 390 ; Spacewarn No. 544 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-008C ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ; A Brief History of Amateur Satellites ;
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Arabsat 3A
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #16 ; 1999-009A ; 5681st spacecraft.
Type: Communications (multi-service)
Sponsor: Arab League
Launch: 26 February 1999 at 22h44 UTC, from Kourou Space Center's ELA-2, by an Ariane 44L (V116).
Orbit: Geostationary at 30° East longitude.
Mission: Arabsat 3A is a communications spacecraft that provides voice, video and digital communications to the Middle East, North Africa and Southern Europe in 22 Ku-band channels. It is a Spacebus 3000 built by Alcatel/Cannes for the Arab League. Launch mass is 2,708 kg and dry mass is 1,200 kg.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 390 ; Spacewarn No. 544 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-009A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Skynet 4E
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #17 ; 1999-009B ; 5682nd spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: United Kingdom's Ministry of Defense
Launch: 26 February 1999 at 22h44 UTC, from Kourou Space Center's ELA-2, by an Ariane 44L (V116).
Orbit: Geostationary
Mission: Skynet 4E is a SHF/UHF military comsat for the UK Ministry of Defense. It was built by Matra Marconi Space/Stevenage using the old ECS bus. Launch mass is 1,490 kg and dry mass is 759 kg.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 390 ; Spacewarn No. 544 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-009B ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Raduga 1-4
Spacecraft:  Globus No. 14
Chronologies: 1999 payload #18 ; 1999-010A ; 5683rd spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: Russia
Launch: 28 February 1999 at 4h00 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-81/23, by a D-1-e/Proton-K/DM-2 (8K82K 387-01 / 11S861).
Orbit: Geostationary
Mission: Raduga 1-4 is a Russian Defense Ministry comsat. The Globus series is an improved version of the old Gran' (Raduga) satellite first launched in 1975; the satellites are build by NPO Prikladnoi Mekhaniki in Zheleznogorsk, near Krasnoyarsk. There are now a total of 33 Radugas in orbit of which only five are functional.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 390 ; Spacewarn No. 544 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-010A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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WIRE
Spacecraft:  Wide Field Infrared Explorer
Chronologies: 1999 payload #19 ; 1999-011A ; 5684th spacecraft.
Type: Astronomy
Sponsor: NASA
Launch: 5 March 1999 at 2h56 UTC, from Vandenberg Air Force Base's RW-30/12, by a Pegasus XL (M-22).
Orbit: 539 x 593 x 97.5° x 96 min.
Decayed:
Mission: WIRE is an American astronomical research spacecraft that was to make an infrared photometry survey, generating a large catalog of galaxies and quasars. However, the mission ran into serious trouble shortly after orbit injection: the cover of WIRE's solid hydrogen telescope was ejected prematurely and a significant fraction of the cryogen was vented, spinning up the satellite. The telescope's cover opened prematurely and exposed the telescope to direct sunlight; the solid hydrogen surrounding the infrared detectors boiled away and the payload became inoperable. The satellite lost all of its hydrogen cryogen by 8 March, so the mission is a total loss. The spacecraft may be used for engineering tests.
Launch: The Orbital Sciences L-1011 Stargazer launch aircraft took off from Vandenberg's runway 30/12 on 2 March 1999 at 1h55 UTC, carrying the astronomy satellite. However, at the drop point at 123° West and 36° North over the Pacific, the planned 2h56 UTC launch was cancelled at T-46 seconds because of a problem with the tail fin release mechanism, and the L-1011 returned to Vandenberg with WIRE still attached. On the second attempt on 5 March, takeoff was again at 1h55 UTC and launch at 2h56 UTC this time went smoothly, with the three stage Pegasus XL rocket delivering WIRE to orbit.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 391 & 392 ; Spacewarn No. 545 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-011A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Globalstar FM-22
Spacecraft:  Globalstar M022
Chronologies: 1999 payload #20 ; 1999-012A ; 5685th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (phone)
Sponsor: U.S. Space Systems/Loral
Launch: 15 March 1999 at 3h06 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-1, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U / Ikar ST02/059?).
Orbit: 910 km x 952 km x 52° x 103.5 min
Decayed:
Mission: Fourth group of four Globalstars spacecrafts that joins the previously launched 12-member fleet to provide voice and data links to/from remote telephones. After further launches, the fleet will consist of 48 spacecrafts. The Globalstar satellites are built by Loral and Alenia.
Launch: The Soyuz-U's Blok-I third stage delivered the Ikar upper stage with Globalstar dispenser to a 235 km x 899 km x 52.0° transfer orbit. The Ikar stage circularization burn placed the four satellites in a 897 km x 950 km x 52.0°  parking orbit. Satellite M022 was separated first from the top of the dispenser, followed by ejection of the other three satellites from the sides. Satellite separation was at 6h37 UTC following launch at 3h06 UTC. For a while the Ikar was in a similar orbit to the Globalstars, but it made a depletion deorbit burn on 16 March and reentered. The Soyuz-U/Ikar is build by TsSKB-Progress of Samara and marketed by the French Starsem company. 
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 392 ; Spacewarn No. 545 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-012A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Globalstar FM-41
Spacecraft:  Globalstar M041
Chronologies: 1999 payload #21 ; 1999-012B ; 5686th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (phone)
Sponsor: U.S. Space Systems/Loral
Launch: 15 March 1999 at 3h06 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-1, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U / Ikar ST02/059?).
Orbit: 910 km x 952 km x 52° x 103.5 min
Decayed:
Mission: Fourth group of four Globalstars spacecrafts that joins the previously launched 12-member fleet to provide voice and data links to/from remote telephones. After further launches, the fleet will consist of 48 spacecrafts. The Globalstar satellites are built by Loral and Alenia.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 392 ; Spacewarn No. 545 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-012B ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Globalstar FM-46
Spacecraft:  Globalstar M046
Chronologies: 1999 payload #22 ; 1999-012C ; 5687th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (phone)
Sponsor: U.S. Space Systems/Loral
Launch: 15 March 1999 at 3h06 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-1, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U / Ikar ST02/059?).
Orbit: 910 km x 952 km x 52° x 103.5 min
Decayed:
Mission: Fourth group of four Globalstars spacecrafts that joins the previously launched 12-member fleet to provide voice and data links to/from remote telephones. After further launches, the fleet will consist of 48 spacecrafts. The Globalstar satellites are built by Loral and Alenia.
Source: Jonathan Space Reportt No. 392 ; Spacewarn No. 545 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-012C ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Globalstar FM-37
Spacecraft:  Globalstar M047
Chronologies: 1999 payload #23 ; 1999-012D ; 5688th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (phone)
Sponsor: U.S. Space Systems/Loral
Launch: 15 March 1999 at 3h06 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-1, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U / Ikar ST02/059?).
Orbit: 910 km x 952 km x 52° x 103.5 min
Decayed:
Mission: Fourth group of four Globalstars spacecrafts that joins the previously launched 12-member fleet to provide voice and data links to/from remote telephones. After further launches, the fleet will consist of 48 spacecrafts. The Globalstar satellites are built by Loral and Alenia.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 392 ; Spacewarn No. 545 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-012D ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Asiasat 3S
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #24 ; 1999-013A ; 5689th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (multi-service)
Sponsor: Hong Kong's Asiasat
Launch: 21 March 1999 at 0h09 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-81/23, by a D-1-e/Proton-K/DM-2M (8K82K / DM3).
Orbit: Geostationary at 105.5° East longitude
Mission: AsiaSat 3S is a Chinease (Hong Kong) communications spacecraft that replaces the flawed Asiasat 3 which could not attain satisfactory geosynchronus status after launch a year ago. (That flawed-orbit craft is still of some use for communications.) The 2.5 tonne AsiaSat 3S will provide voice and video communications through its 28 C-band (each 55 Watts) and 16 Ku-band (each 150 Watts) transponders to East Asia and Australasia. It is a Hughes HS-601HP with C and Ku band transponders. Mass in transfer orbit is 3,463 kg, down to 2,500 kg at beginning of life.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 393 ; Spacewarn No. 545 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-013A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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DemoSat / Sealaunch Demo
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #25 ; 1999-014A ; 5690th spacecraft.
Type: Technology
Sponsor: Sea Launch Co.
Launch: 28 March 1999 at 1h30 UTC, from Sea Launch Odyssey, by a Zenit-3SL.
Orbit: 638 km x 36,064 km x 1.2° geostationary transfer orbit
Mission: Sealaunch Demo is a multinational dummy "spacecraft" that was launched from a 4,000 tonne floating platform Odyssey on true-equatorial Pacific Ocean. DemoSat carries launch vehicle instrumentation and is a dynamic model of an HS-702 satellite. The spacecraft is just a 4.5 tonne assembly of pipes and plates simulating a HS 702 spacecraft. It was built by Boeing Commercial Space/Kent.
Launch: This first Boeing Sea Launch mission was a success. The Zenit-3SL launch vehicle took off from the Sea Launch Odyssey mobile platform.Odyssey, which was an oil drilling platform in the North Sea, and a 30,000 tonne command/control ship were parked at 154° West longitude, almost due south of Hawaii, and 0.0° of latitude, when the kerosene/liquid oxygen fueled three-stage rocket (two Ukrainian Zenits, and a Russian DM-SL booster) launched the dummy. The Sea Launch Company is jointly owned by private companies (Russian Energia: 25%, American Boeing: 40%, Norwegian Kvarner: 20% and Ukrainian Yuzhnoe/Yuzhmash: 15%) with an investment of about US$800 millions. It expects about seven commercial launches/year, each billed $70 million.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 393 ; Spacewarn No. 545 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-014A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Progress M-41
Spacecraft:  Progress 7K-TGM No 241
Chronologies: 1999 payload #26 ; 1999-015A ; 5691st spacecraft.
Type: Cargo delivery to Mir
Sponsor: Russian Space Agency
Launch: 2 April 1999 at 11h28 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-1, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U).
Orbit: Circular at ~350 km x 51.6°
Decayed: 17 July 1999 over Pacific ocean.
Mission: Progress M-41 is a Russian cargo ferry that carries 2,438 kg of food, fuel, equipments, etc. to Mir. It docked with the space complex on 4 April at 12h50 UTC. The cargo vehicle also carries a "Sputnik" micro-satellite that was pushed out into orbit by the crew. Progress M-41 undocked at 11h20 UTC on 17 July 1999 and was deorbited over the Pacific later the same day.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 394 & 420 ; Spacewarn No. 546 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-015A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Insat 2E
Spacecraft:
Chronologies: 1999 payload #27 ; 1999-016A ; 5692nd spacecraft.
Type: Communications (multi-service) and meteorology
Sponsor: India's ISRO
Launch: 2 April 1999 at 22h03 UTC, from Kourou Space Center's ELA-2, by an Ariane 42P (V117).
Orbit: Geostationary at 83° East longitude
Mission: Insat 2E is a 2.5-tonne Indian communications spacecraft that carries 17 extended C-band transponders, a VHR radiometer for water vapor measurement and a CCD camera for weather forecasts. Eleven of the transponders are leased to the Intelsat consortium. It provide voice and video communications to countries between Eastern Europe and East Asia.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 394 ; Spacewarn No. 546 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-016A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ; ISRO's 3 Apr 12 ;
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DSP 19 (USA 142)
Spacecraft:  Defense Support Program's DSP F19 ;
Chronologies: 1999 payload #28 ; 1999-017A ; 5693th spacecraft.
Type: Missile early warning
Families: 19th DSP (6th Phase 3)
Sponsor: U.S. Department of Defense

Source: A. Parsch
Launch: 9 April 1999 at 17h01 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-41, by a Titan 4B (Titan 402B/IUS 4B-27/45K-32, IUS-21).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission: DSP 19 was a TRW Defense Support Program missile early warning satellite with an infrared telescope to detect rocket launches to be placed in geosynchronous orbit. But it entered a highly elliptical and useless orbit. The Titan 4B-27's SRMU-8 solid motors and K-32 two-stage liquid Titan core vehicle worked well, placing the DSP F19 payload and its Boeing IUS-21 upper stage vehicle in a 188 km x 718 km x 28.6° parking orbit. The IUS is a two stage system; the first stage, SRM-1, burned at 18h14 UTC and increased apogee to geostationary altitude and separated. The SRM-2 stage was then meant to fire its solid motor at 23h34 UTC to lower inclination and increase perigee, placing DSP in a circular geosynchronous orbit. DSP remained in an orbit far from geosynchronous and is reportedly tumbling out of control. The USAF reports that the two stages of IUS-21 failed to separate correctly: at least one connector remained attached after the attempted separation. The SRM-2 nozzle did not extend properly, possibly because SRM-1 hit the nozzle during the incomplete separation. SRM-2 did fire, but the vehicle tumbled during the burn. (This is the first serious failure of the IUS since an April 1983 mission left the TDRS 1 satellite in a low orbit.) 
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 395, 397 & 425 ; Spacewarn No. 546 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-017A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Eutelsat W3
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #29 ; 1999-018A ; 5694th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (multi-service)
Sponsor: Eutelsat / European Telecommunications Satellite Organization
Launch: 12 April 1999 at 22h50 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's SLC-36A, by an Atlas IIAS (AC-154).
Orbit: Geostationary at 7° East longitude
Mission: Eutelsat W3 is a communications spacecraft that provide voice and video communications to central Europe and North Africa. The 1,680-kg spacecraft carries 24 Ku-band transponders, each of power 95 Watts. The W3 is an Alcatel Spacebus 3000B2 model.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 395 & 490 ; Spacewarn No. 546 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-018A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Globalstar FM-19
Spacecraft:  Globalstar M019
Chronologies: 1999 payload #30 ; 1999-019A ; 5695th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (phone)
Sponsor: U.S. Space Systems/Loral
Launch: 15 April 1999 at 0h46 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-1, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U / Ikar ST03/060).
Orbit: 1,080 km x 1,188 km x 52° x 107 min
Decayed:
Mission: Fifth group of four Globalstars spacecrafts that brings the current total to 20 of the intended 48 spacecraft fleet orbiting in eight planes. Globalstar satellites, built by Alenia and Loral, are L-band comsats which will provide satellite phone service worldwide.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 395 ; Spacewarn No. 546 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-019A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Globalstar FM-42
Spacecraft:  Globalstar M042
Chronologies: 1999 payload #31 ; 1999-019B ; 5696th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (phone)
Sponsor: U.S. Space Systems/Loral
Launch: 15 April 1999 at 0h46 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-1, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U / Ikar ST03/060).
Orbit: 920 km x 950 kmx 52° x 104 min
Deorbit:
Mission: Fifth group of four Globalstars spacecrafts that brings the current total to 20 of the intended 48 spacecraft fleet orbiting in eight planes. Globalstar satellites, built by Alenia and Loral, are L-band comsats which will provide satellite phone service worldwide.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 395 ; Spacewarn No. 546 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-019B ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Globalstar FM-44
Spacecraft:  Globalstar M044
Chronologies: 1999 payload #32 ; 1999-019C ; 5697th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (phone)
Sponsor: U.S. Space Systems/Loral
Launch: 15 April 1999 at 0h46 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-1, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U / Ikar ST03/060).
Orbit: 920 km x 950 kmx 52° x 104 min
Decayed:
Mission: Fifth group of four Globalstars spacecrafts that brings the current total to 20 of the intended 48 spacecraft fleet orbiting in eight planes. Globalstar satellites, built by Alenia and Loral, are L-band comsats which will provide satellite phone service worldwide.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 395 ; Spacewarn No. 546 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-019C ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Globalstar FM-45
Spacecraft:  Globalstar M045
Chronologies: 1999 payload #33 ; 1999-019D ; 5698th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (phone)
Sponsor: U.S. Space Systems/Loral
Launch: 15 April 1999 at 0h46 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-1, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U / Ikar ST03/060).
Orbit: 920 km x 950 kmx 52° x 104 min
Decayed:
Mission: Fifth group of four Globalstars spacecrafts that brings the current total to 20 of the intended 48 spacecraft fleet orbiting in eight planes. Globalstar satellites, built by Alenia and Loral, are L-band comsats which will provide satellite phone service worldwide.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 395 ; Spacewarn No. 546 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-019D ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Landsat 7
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #34 ; 1999-020A ; 5699th spacecraft.
Type: Earth remote sensing
Sponsor: NASA/U.S. Geological Survey
Launch: 15 April 1999 at 18h32 UTC, from Vandenberg Air Force Base's SLC-2W, by a Delta 7925 (Delta 7920 268).
Orbit: 669 km x 698 km x 98.2° x 98.4 min
Decayed:
Mission: Landsat 7 is a 2,200-kg (including fuel) American Sun-synchronous remote sensing spacecraft that carries an eight-band scanning radiometer (ETM+) to image the Earth. The swath width of the pictures is 185 km, with repeated coverage of the same terrain after 233 orbits (=16 days). The resolution of the maps is 30 meters, except at the panchromatic band where it is 15 meters. The spacecraft was operated by NASA/Goddard until October 2000, when operations was transferred to the U.S. Geological Survey. It was built by Lockheed Martin/Valley Forge, using a design derived from the Tiros-N/DMSP weather satellites. 
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 395 ; Spacewarn No. 546 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-020A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Sputnik 99
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #35 ; 1999-015C ; 5700th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (radio-amateur)
Sponsor: AMSAT-France & AMSAT-Russia
Launch: 2 April 1999 at 11h28 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-1, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U).
Orbit: 334 km x 349 km x 51.7° x 91.4 min
Decayed: 29 July 1999
Mission: Sputnik 99 is a microsatellite that carries tape recorded voices of the school children in Russia and France who built the satellite. Viktor Afanas'ev and Jean-Pierre Haignere made a spacewalk from the Mir orbital station on 16 April 1999 during which Haignere launched by hand the spacecraft that was delivered by Progress M-41 (apparently the backup Sputnik 40 is still stored on the station).
      The spacecaft is at the center of a controversy over use of the amateur radio band. The satellite was developed by AMSAT-F and AMSAT-R (the French and Russian amateur radio satellite groups) with help from the Russian Space Agency's flight control center (TsUP). Apparently, TsUP made the mistake of arranging with a commercial company for messages to be broadcast from the satellite, including a trademarked advertising slogan, a flagrant misuse of the amateur radio band. At the last moment, it was decided to launch the satellite without turning it on, avoiding breaking ITU regulations, but at the cost of losing the original amateur radio mission. 
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 395 ; Spacewarn No. 546 & 549 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-015C ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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UoSAT 12 / UoSAT-OSCAR 36 (UO-36)
Spacecraft:  University of Surrey Satellite
Chronologies: 1999 payload #36 ; 1999-021A ; 5701st spacecraft.
Type: Communications (radio-amateur)
Sponsor: U.K.'s University of Surrey
Launch: 21 April 1999 at 4h59 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-109/95, by a Dnepr.
Orbit: 659 km x 661 km x 64.5° x 97 min
Decayed:
Mission: UoSAT 12 is a British minisatellite that carries multispectral remote sensing cameras and a transponder to facilitate amateur radio links in the L-to-S band. Attitude determination is carried out through GPS signals. It is the first test of the Minibus platform (325 kg), a larger spacecraft than earlier 50-kg Surrey UoSATs. 
Launch: The satellite was placed in orbit with the first launch of Russia's Dnepr rocket, which isw a converted R-36M2 (15A18M) ballistic missile (NATO codename SS-18 mod 4), developed by the Yuzhnoye (Pivdenne) organization in the Ukraine and marketed by MK Kosmotras. The R-36M2 is a two stage launch vehicle; both stages use nitrogen tetroxide and UDMH (unsymmetrical dimethyl hydrazine). The vehicle is 3.0 meters in diameter. A third stage, probably the S5M used on Tsiklon-3, will usually be added, but it wasn't on this test mission which doesn't involve the full Dnepr configuration. The Dnepr was launched from a silo at GIK-5, the Baykonur spaceport.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 395 & 396 ; SpacewarnNo. 546 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-021A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ; A Brief History of Amateur Satellites ;
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Ikonos 1
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #37 ; 1999 1st loss ; 5702nd spacecraft.
Type: Earth remote sensing
Sponsor: U.S. Space Imaging
Launch: 27 April 1999 at 18h22 UTC, from Vandenberg Air Force Base's SLC-6, by an Athena-2 (LM-5).
Orbit: n/a
Mission: Space Imaging's Ikonos 1carried a 1-meter resolution panchromatic camera, the first commercial imaging satellite with this high a resolution. A 4-meter resolution color imager was also aboard. The spacecraft used a LM-900 bus built by Lockheed Martin/Sunnyvale.
Launch: The Athena rocket has suffered its second launch failure. The flight was apparently successful through Orbus 21 burn and the beginning of the first OAM burn, but tracking stations downrange did not pick up the spacecraft. It was later determined from telemetry that the rocket nose fairing failed to separate 4 minutes after launch, and the extra mass caused the vehicle to reenter on the first partial orbit. The planned orbit after the first OAM burn was 220 km x 689 km x 98.1°; the second OAM burn would have placed Ikonos in a 680 km x 690 km x 98.1° circular orbit. Instead, the vehicle reentered over the South Pacific well before the planned second burn.
     The Athena-2 uses the old MOL/Shuttle pad at SLC-6, and is launched from one of the SRB mount points. It has four stages: two Thiokol Castor 120s, one UTC Orbus 21 and one Lockheed Martin/Primex OAM (Orbit Adjust Module). The OAM performs transfer orbit insertion and an apogee burn. 
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 396 ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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ABRIXAS
Spacecraft:  A BRoad-band Imaging X-ray All-sky Survey
Chronologies: 1999 payload #38 ; 1999-022A ; 5703rd spacecraft.
Type: Astronomy
Sponsor: German space agency DLR
Launch: 28 April 1999 at 20h30 UTC, from Kapustin Yar Cosmodrome's LC-107, by a Kosmos C-1 (11K65M 65036413).
Orbit: 549 km x 598 km x 48° x 96 min
Decayed:
Mission: ABRIXAS is a German astronomy spacecraft intended to monitor X-ray emissions in the universe. The imaging telescope, operating in the 0.5-10 keV X-ray range, is to map an estimated 10,000 new sources. The instrument is actually seven Wolter-1 telescopes of focal length 160 cm each. The last all-sky survey in this band was carried out in the 1970s by HEAO 1, which had no optics and therefore very poor spatial resolution. The new mission will complement MPE's existing all sky survey with the ROSAT satellite, carried out in the 0.1-2 keV soft band. The 470-kg satellite was built by OHB-System as MPE/Garching and the Astrophysical Institute in Potsdam developed the scientific payload,
Launch: This is the first orbital launch since 1988 from GTsP-4 (State Test Range 4) at Kapustin Yar. GTsP-4 was first used for satellite launches in October 1961, with the first attempted launch of a small Kosmos satellite on the 63S1 (later 11K63) rocket derived from the smaller R-12 (SS-4) missile from the Mayak-2 silo. In late 1964, launches switched to the LC86 complex's pads 1 and 4. 11K63 orbital launches from LC86 stopped in 1973 shortly after 11K65M launches from LC107 began.
     The Kosmos-3M is built by Polyot of Omsk and marketed by OHB-System (Bremen)'s Cosmos International. It consists of a first stage derived from Yangel's R-14 (8K65) intermediate range missile, designated SS-5 by NATO. The upper stage, developed in the early 1960s, has a restartable engine. First launch of the 65S3 satellite launch vehicle was in August 1964; the modified 11K65M version flew in 1967 and Polyot took over production in 1970. Kosmos-3M usually flies from Plesetsk (GIK-1), with occasional launches from GTsP-4 since 1973.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 396 ; Spacewarn No. 546 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-022A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Megsat-0
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #39 ; 1999-022B ; 5704th spacecraft.
Type: Technology
Sponsor: Italy's MegSat
Launch: 28 April 1999 at 20h30 UTC, from Kapustin Yar Cosmodrome's LC-107, by a Kosmos C-1 (11K65M 65036413).
Orbit: 547 km x 600 km x 48° x 96 min
Decayed: 4 November 2003
Mission: Megsat-0 is a small technology development satellite built and owned by MegSat, the space division of the Gruppo Meggiorin companies based in Brescia (Italy). The 0.4-meter box has a mass of 35 kg. It carries an experimental high bit rate data transmission payload that enables designs of future missions.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 396 ; Spacewarn No. 546 & 601 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-022B ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Milstar DFS 3 (USA 143)
Spacecraft: Milstar-2 F1 ; Military Strategic and Tactical Relay System
Chronologies: 1999 payload #40 ; 1999-023A ; 5705th spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: U.S. Department of Defense
Source: A. Parsch
Launch: 30 April 1999 at 16h30 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-40, by a Titan 4B (Titan 401B/Centaur 4B-32/45K-26, Centaur TC-14).
Orbit: 740 km x 4,997 km x 28° x 
Decayed:
Mission: This Milstar 2 was to be an American geosynchronous military communications spacecraft. Instead, it ended up in a useless low-Earth orbit soon after launch. This is the third sequential failure of Titan 4. It appears the Centaur upper stage may have malfunctioned, carrying out its three burns at the wrong time (see below).
     Milstar-2 F1 is the first upgraded Milstar comsat. The two Milstar-1 satellites already launched (Milstar DFS 1 and Milstar DFS 2) carried the LDR (Low Data Rate) payload which is inadequate for modern needs; Milstar-2 carries an extra MDR (Medium Data Rate) payload with a higher throughput. The payload includes EHF (44 GHz), SHF (20 GHz) and UHF communications transponders and satellite-to-satellite crosslinks, with narrow beams to avoid jamming. Milstar is built by Lockheed Martin/Sunnyvale and managed by the Milstar JPO at USAF Los Angeles AFB
Launch: Milstar's launch vehicle was a Lockheed Martin Astronautics (Denver) Titan 4B, serial B-32. The Alliant SRMU solid motors ignited at 16h30 UTC to begin the launch, and fell away two minutes later with the first stage of the Titan 4 core vehicle (serial K-36) igniting. At 9 minutes into the flight, the second stage of the core vehicle fell away and the first burn of the upper stage began. The upper stage on this mission is Centaur TC-14. Three burns of TC-14 were planned to place Milstar successively in a 170 x 190 km parking orbit, a geostationary transfer orbit, and finally geosynchronous orbit. Instead, at 19h00 UTC, several hours before the scheduled third burn, Milstar separated from TC-14 in a 740 km x 5,000 km orbit, probably inclined at about 28 degrees. It seems that TC-14 made three burns, but all during the first orbit instead of over a 6 hour period, possibly due to software problems of some kind.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 397 & 425 ; Spacewarn No. 546 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-023A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Orion 3
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #41 ; 1999-024A ; 5706th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (multi-service)
Sponsor: U.S. Loral Orion
Launch: 5 May 1999 at 1h00 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's SLC-17B, by a Delta 3 (Delta 8930 269).
Orbit: Initial: 422 km x 1,317 km x 29° x 102 min
Decayed:
Mission: Orion 3 was to have been a South Korean geosynchronous communications spacecraft but, at the end of the first stage segment, the second stage might have ignited but failed to sustain the thrust. The spacecraft ended up in a low, useless orbit. Orion 3 is a Hughes HS-601HP satellite designed to serve the Asia-Pacific region for Loral Orion. It is owned by Hughes Space and Comms International pending on-orbit delivery. It has 33 Ku-band and 10 C-band transponders. 
Launch: The second launch of Delta 3 ran into trouble on May 5. The Delta second stage failed to operate properly on its second burn. The engine ignited briefly, a spike in pump pressure was recorded and the burn cutoff after only 1 second. The Orion 3 payload ended up in the parking orbit of 162 x 1378 km x 29.5 deg, very close to the planned post SECO-1 (first burn) orbit. The Delta 3 uses an Pratt and Whitney RL-10B-2 LH2/LOX engine in a stage of a new design. The first Delta 3 launch failed shortly after takeoff last year; at least this flight verified the basic operation of the rocket.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 397 ; Spacewarn No. 547 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-024A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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FY-1C / Feng Yun 1C
Spacecraft:  Feng Yun Yi Beng
Chronologies: 1999 payload #42 ; 1999-025A ; 5707th spacecraft.
Type: Meteorology
Sponsor: China
Launch: 10 May 1999 at 1h33 UTC, from Taiyuan Space Launch Center's LC-1, by a Chang Zheng-4B (CZ4B-1).
Orbit: 849 km x 868 km x 98.8° x 102 min (Sun-synchronous)
Decayed:
Mission: Feng Yun 1C is a Chinese weather monitoring satellite that carries scanning radiometers in 10 visible and infrared wavelengths to monitor cloud coverage and ocean colors/temperatures. The spacecraft is built by the Shanghai Institute for Satellite Engineering. 
     On 11 January 2007, Fengyun 1C was destroyed in what appears to be a test of a Chinese kinetic-energy antisatellite weapon. The intercept occurred at 22h26 UTC, destroying China's own elderly satellite. The weapon was launched on a suborbital medium range ballistic missile, reportedly from the Xichang space center. The FY-1C was in an 843 x 862 km x 98.7° orbit; the initial debris cataloged ranges from 165 x 850 km to 850 x 3500 km, a wide range of heights indicating an energetic fragmentation. As of 27 January 2007, over 500 objects had been cataloged by the US. The type of missile used has not been identified; the most likely candidate is probably the solid-fuel DF-21 missile. This is the first known antisatellite intercept since the USA's Delta 180 flight in 1986. (See Nader Elhefnawy's Making sense of China’s weapons test.)
     The old 960-kg Chinese meteorological spacecraft, residing in an orbit of 845 km by 865 km with an inclination of 98.6°, was struck by a ballistic interceptor launched near Xichang. The debris cloud created by a successful test of a Chinese anti-satellite system on 11 January 2007 represents the single worst contamination of low Earth orbit during the past 50 years. Extending from 200 km to more than 4000 km in altitude, the debris frequently transit the orbits of hundreds of operational spacecraft, including the human space flight regime, posing new risks to current and future space systems. Moreover, the majority of the debris were thrown into long-duration orbits, with lifetimes measured in decades and even centuries.
Two months after the test, more than 1200 debris had been officially cataloged by the U.S. Space Surveillance Network, and nearly 400 additional debris were being tracked, awaiting permanent catalog numbers. While the final tally of large (> 5 cm size) debris could well exceed 2000, the number of objects with a size of 1 cm or more is estimated to be as large as 35,000. Both values represent an increase of more than 15% of the known debris environment at the start of 2007. More than half the identified debris were thrown into orbits with mean altitudes in excess of 850 km. Consequently, the debris will remain scattered throughout LEO for many, many years to come. Initially confined to a disk about the Earth, the orbital planes of the debris are rapidly dispersing and will encircle the globe before the end
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 398 & 479 & 576 ; Spacewarn No. 547 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-025A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; NASA Orbital Debris Quaterly News, April 2007
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SJ-5 / Shi Jian 5
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #43 ; 1999-026B ; 5708th spacecraft.
Type: Technology
Sponsor: China's Shanghai Institute for Satellite Engineering
Launch: 10 May 1999 at 1h33 UTC, from Taiyuan Space Launch Center's LC-1, by a Chang Zheng-4B (CZ4B-1).
Orbit: 849 km x 869 km x 98.8° x 102 min (Sun-Synchronous)
Decayed:
Mission: Shijian 5, also named Experiment 5, is a Chinese (PRC) experimental/test satellite. It is built by the Shanghai Institute for Satellite Engineering, 
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 398 ; Spacewarn No. 547 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-026B ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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TERRIERS
Spacecraft:  Tomographic Experiment using Radiative Recombinative Ionsopheric EUV and Radio Sources. (The Boston Terrier is the mascot of Boston University whose faculty and students built much of the satellite and its instruments.)
Chronologies: 1999 payload #44 ; 1999-027A ; 5709th spacecraft.
Type: Earth upper atmospheric studies
Sponsor: Boston University's Space Physics Group for Ionospheric Studies
Launch: 18 May 1999 at 5h09 UTC, from Vandenberg Air Force Base's RW-30/12, by a Pegasus XL.
Orbit: 550 km x 560 km x 97.8° x 95.7 min
Decayed:
Mission: TERRIERS is a 125-kg American space physics satellite that is intended to monitor the solar (not ionospheric) extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectrum with an instrument named GISSMO (Gas Ionization Solar Spectral MOnitor). GISSMO is an ionization chamber containing neon gas, and the EUV spectrum is derived by measuring the photoelectron flux in the chamber with an electrostatic analyzer. It also carries a pair of photometers to monitor emissions arising by the radiative recombination of atomic oxygen ions in the ionosphere. TERRIERS also carries 150 and 400 MHz beacons which will be monitored at five or more ground stations to enable radio "tomography" of the ionosphere. The project also involves collaborative data from the Milstone Thompson scatter radar facility. Efforts to orient the satellite's solar panels failed, since contact was lost after the battery had discharged. However, within a few months the panels may orient naturally, well enough to command full orientation. TERRIERS is part of NASA's Student Explorer Demonstration Initiative (STEDI), which was a precursor program to the UNEX (University Explorer) series now in preparation. The spacecraft was built by AeroAstro and based on HETE. TERRIERS was placed in the correct orbit, but it failed to orient its solar panel to the Sun and ran out of battery power by May 20. Controllers are optimistic that when its orbit precesses to a better sun angle the satellite will revive and the mission can continue.
Launch: The L-1011 Stargazer aircraft took off from Vandenberg's runway 30/12 at 4h12 UTC on 18 May and headed to the drop box over the Pacific at 36.0° North and 123.0° West. Stargazer dropped the Pegasus at 5h09 UTC and the first stage solid motor ignited five seconds later. At 5h18 UTC, the third stage motor burned out and separated, leaving the payload stack in a 405 km x 548 km x 97.7° orbit. The PRIMEX HAPS-Lite stage then made the first burn of its hydrazine engine and entered a 540 km x 553 km x 97.7° orbit. The TERRIERS satellite was deployed at 5h20 UTC. A minute later, the conical Payload Adapter Fitting was jettisoned, leaving the disk-shaped MUBLCOM satellite attached to HAPS. The second HAPS burn at 5h22 UTC raised apogee to 775 km, followed by a third, apogee burn at 6h10 UTC which circularized the orbit. MUBLCOM was deployed to a 769 km x 776 km x 97.7° orbit. The final HAPS burn then placed the depleted HAPS stage in a lower 388 x 722 km x 97.1 deg disposal orbit.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 399 ; Spacewarn No. 547 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-027A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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MUBLCOM
Spacecraft:  Multiple beam Beyond Line-of-sight Communications
Chronologies: 1999 payload #45 ; 1999-026B ; 5710th spacecraft.
Type: Technology (communications)
Sponsor: U.S. DARPA / U.S. Army
Launch: 18 May 1999 at 5h09 UTC, from Vandenberg Air Force Base's RW-30/12, by a Pegasus XL.
Orbit: 775 km x 780 km x 97.8° x 100 min
Decayed:
Mission: MUBLCOM is a 50-kg American military spacecraft that enables VHF/UHF links between phones in mountainous regions up to a distance of 200 km. It is an experimental satellite funded by DARPA and managed by the US Army's Communications-Electronics Command (CECOM) at Ft Monmouth, New Jersey. It was built by Orbital using the Microstar (Orbcomm type) bus and carries a payload testing hand-held radio satellite communications for the armed forces.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 399 ; Spacewarn No. 547 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-026B ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Nimiq / Telesat DTH-1
Spacecraft:  Nimiq is an Inuit (Eskimo) word for "bonding strength".
Chronologies: 1999 payload #46 ; 1999-027A ; 5711th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (DBS)
Sponsor: Telesat Canada
Launch: 20 May 1999 at 22h30 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-81/23, by a D-1-e/Proton-K/DM-2M (8K82K 396-02 / DM3).
Orbit: Geostationary at 91° West longitude
Mission: Nimiq is a 3.5-tonne Canadian communications spacecraft that carries 35 Ku-band transponders to provide direct-broadcast voice and video communications to North America and the Arctic region.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 399 ; Spacewarn No. 547 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-027A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Improved Crystal 5 / KH-12 5  (USA 144)
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #47 ; 1999-028A ; 5712th spacecraft.
Type: Reconnaissance
Sponsor: U.S. National Reconnaissance Office
Launch: 22 May 1999 at 9h36 UTC, from Vandenberg Air Force BAse's SLC-4E, by a Titan 4B (Titan 404B 4B-12).
Orbit: Initial: 200 x 293 km x 63.4°
Decayed:
Mission: This classified NRO payload had been reported to be a radar imaging reconnaissance satellite built by Lockheed Martin/Denver and previously codenamed LACROSSE. However apparently the short 50-feet fairing was used instead of the 66 foot fairing used by LACROSSE. The fairing was used for an imaging Improved Crystal satellite launched in November 1992. The payload was most likely an Improved CRYSTAL derivative.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 399, 400 & 425 ; Spacewarn No. 547 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-028A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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OceanSat 1 / IRS-P4
Spacecraft:  Indian Remote Sensor P4
Chronologies: 1999 payload #48 ; 1999-029A ; 5713th spacecraft.
Type: Earth remote sensing
Sponsor: ISRO / Indian Space Research Organization
Launch: 26 May 1999 at 6h22 UTC, from Sriharikota Range, by a PSLV (PSLV-C2).
Orbit: 719 km x 730 km x 98.4° x 99 min (Sun-synchronous)
Decayed:
Mission: IRS P4, also known as Oceansat 1, is a 1,036-kg Indian remote sensing satellite that carries an OCM (Ocean Color Monitor) and a MSMR (Multi-frequency Scanning Microwave Radiometer) instrument. OCM monitors globally potential fishery zones, ocean currents, and pollution and sediment inputs in the coastal zones. It operates on eight wavelength bands, providing data with a swath width of 1,420 km and at a resolution of 350 meters. MSMR monitors sea surface temperature, wind speed and cloud vapor/water content.
Note: The PSLV launcher, or Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle, has a solid stage 1 and stage 3 with a liquid stage 2 using an Ariane-derived Vikas engine and a fourth stage with two small liquid engines.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 400 ; Spacewarn No. 547 ; National Space Science Data Center's OCEANS1 ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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KITSAT
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #49 ; 1999-029B ; 5714th spacecraft.
Type: Earth imaging
Sponsor: Korea Advanced Institute of Technology (KAIST)
Launch: 26 May 1999 at 6h22 UTC, from Sriharikota Range, by a PSLV (PSLV-C2).
Orbit: 719 km x 730 km x 98.4° x 99 min (Sun-synchronous)
Decayed:
Mission: KITSAT 3 is a South Korean remote sensing minisatellite that carries a MEIS (Multispectral Earth Imaging System) and a SENSE (Space ENvironment Scientific Experiment) instrument. The spatial resolution of MEIS is 15 meters. SENSE monitors the temperature and density of ionospheric plasma. The 110-kg spacecraft is built by the Korea Advanced Institute of Technology (KAIST) (earlier Kitsats were built in collaboration with Surrey Satellite).
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 400 ; Spacewarn No. 547 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-029B ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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DLR-TUBSAT
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #50 ; 1999-029C ; 5715th spacecraft.
Type: Earth imaging
Sponsor: German space agency DLR

Source: TUBSAT
Launch: 26 May 1999 at 6h22 UTC, from Sriharikota Range, by a PSLV (PSLV-C2).
Orbit: 719 km x 730 km x 98.4° x 99 min (Sun-synchronous)
Decayed:
Mission: TUBSAT is a German remote sensing microsatellite that consists of a triple-lens camera system: a wide angle 16 mm lens with a black & white CCD chip, a standard angle 50 mm lens with color CCD chip, and a 1,000 mm telephoto lens with a black & white CCD chip. The spatial resolutions of the Earth pictures are respectively 370 meters, 120 meters and 6 meters. The 45-kg spacecraft was built by the Technical University of Berlin for the German space agency DLR.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 400 ; Spacewarn No. 547 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-029C ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ; TUBSAT satellites ;
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STS-96 / ISS-2A.1
Spacecraft:  Space Shuttle #94 ; Discovery (26th flight)
Chronologies: 1999 payload #51 ; 1999-030A ; 5716th spacecraft.
Type: Piloted spacecraft
Sponsor: NASA
Launch: 27 May 1999 at 10h49 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-39B, by the Space Shuttle.
Orbit: 379 km x 385 km x 51.6° x 92 min
Recovered: 6 June 1999 at 6h02 UTC on Kennedy Space Center's Runways 15
Mission: STS-96, the first Shuttle mission of the year, ferried two tonnes of supplies and spare parts to the International Space Station. Discovery docked with ISS's PMA-2 on 29 May at 4h24 UTC. The crew carried out some repair and maintainance work and installed mufflers to reduce the noisy fans in the Zarya module. It also installed a Russian crane called Strela on Zarya. The Orbiter boosted the ISS to a higher altitude and released a small free-flying sphere named Starshine to encourage students to track it visually. The Orbiter undocked from ISS on 3 June at 22h39 UTC and landed at Cape Canaveral three days later.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 400 ; Spacewarn No. 547 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-030A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Starshine
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #52 ; 1999-030B ; 5717th spacecraft.
Type: Technology
Sponsor: U.S. NRL
Launch: 27 May 1999 at 10h49 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-39B, by the Space Shuttle. Deployed from Discovery payload bay on 5 June 1999 at 7h21 UTC.
Orbit: 376 km x 395 km x 51.6° x 92 min
Decayed: 18 February 2000
Mission: Starshine is a passive reflector, a hollow sphere of 48 centimeter diameter and studded with 878 tiny mirrors which had been polished by school children in Zimbabwe, Pakistan and 16 other countries. Some 25,000 high-school students around the world are expected to track the reflector during twilight hours.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 400; Spacewarn No. 547, 548 & 556 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-030B ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Globalstar M052
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #53 ; 1999-031A ; 5718th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (phone)
Sponsor: U.S. Space Systems/Loral
Launch: 10 June 1999 at 13h48 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's SLC-17B, by a Delta 7925 (Delta 7420-10 270).
Orbit: 1,406 km x 1,414 km x 52° x 114 min
Decayed:
Mission: Sixth group of four Globalstars that joins the fleet of communications spacecraft owned by that international consortium. The fleet enables voice and data links from/to phones far away from cellular networks.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 401 ; Spacewarn No. 548 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-031A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Globalstar M049
Spacecraft:
Chronologies: 1999 payload #54 ; 1999-031B ; 5719th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (phone)
Sponsor: U.S. Space Systems/Loral
Launch: 10 June 1999 at 13h48 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's SLC-17B, by a Delta 7925 (Delta 7420-10 270).
Orbit: 1,406 km x 1,414 km x 52° x 114 min
Decayed:
Mission: Sixth group of four Globalstars that joins the fleet of communications spacecraft owned by that international consortium. The fleet enables voice and data links from/to phones far away from cellular networks.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 401 ; Spacewarn No. 548 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-031B ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Globalstar M025
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #55 ; 1999-031C ; 5720th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (phone)
Sponsor: U.S. Space Systems/Loral
Launch: 10 June 1999 at 13h48 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's SLC-17B, by a Delta 7925 (Delta 7420-10 270).
Orbit: 1,406 km x 1,414 km x 52° x 114 min
Decayed:
Mission: Sixth group of four Globalstars that joins the fleet of communications spacecraft owned by that international consortium. The fleet enables voice and data links from/to phones far away from cellular networks.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 401 ; Spacewarn No. 548 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-031C ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Globalstar M027
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #56 ; 1999-031D ; 5721st spacecraft.
Type: Communications (phone)
Sponsor: U.S. Space Systems/Loral
Launch: 10 June 1999 at 13h48 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's SLC-17B, by a Delta 7925 (Delta 7420-10 270).
Orbit: 1,406 km x 1,414 km x 52° x 114 min
Decayed:
Mission: Sixth group of four Globalstars that joins the fleet of communications spacecraft owned by that international consortium. The fleet enables voice and data links from/to phones far away from cellular networks.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 401 ; Spacewarn No. 548 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-031D ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Iridium 14A
Spacecraft:  Iridium SV092
Chronologies: 1999 payload #57 ; 1999-032A ; 5722nd spacecraft.
Type: Communications (phone)
Sponsor: U.S. Motorola inc.

Source: Iridium
Launch: 11 June 1999 at 17h15 UTC, from Taiyuan Space Launch Center's LC-1, by a Chang Zheng-2C/SD (CZ2C-21).
Orbit: 709 km x 712 km x 86.5° x 99 min
Decayed:
Mission: Twentieth group (of two) Iridiums that are the latest to join the American Iridium fleet of minisatellites that provides voice and data transmissions from/to mobile telephones located in areas beyond cellular networks. The satellites replaced the failed Iridium 14 and Iridium 21. The satellites are built by Motorola with a Lockheed Martin spacecraft bus.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 401 ; Spacewarn No. 548 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-032A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Iridium 20A
Spacecraft:  Iridium SV093
Chronologies: 1999 payload #58 ; 1999-032B ; 5723rd spacecraft.
Type: Communications (phone)
Sponsor: U.S. Motorola inc.

Source: Iridium
Launch: 11 June 1999 at 17h15 UTC, from Taiyuan Space Launch Center's LC-1, by a Chang Zheng-2C/SD (CZ2C-21).
Orbit: 709 km x 712 km x 86.5° x 99 min
Decayed:
Mission: Twentieth group (of two) Iridiums that are the latest to join the American Iridium fleet of minisatellites that provides voice and data transmissions from/to mobile telephones located in areas beyond cellular networks. The satellites replaced the failed Iridium 14 and Iridium 21. The satellites are built by Motorola with a Lockheed Martin spacecraft bus.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 401 ; Spacewarn No. 548 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-032B ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Astra 1H 
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #59 ; 1999-033A ; 5724th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (DBS)
Sponsor: Luxembourg-based SES / Société Européene des Satellites
Launch: 18 June 1999 at 1h49 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-81/23, by a D-1-e/Proton-K/DM-2M (8K82K 397-02 / DM3).
Orbit: Geostationary at 19.2° East longitude
Mission: Astra 1H is the latest member of the Astrafleet of spacecraft owned and operated by SES consortium in Luxembourg. The 2,300-kg spacecraft is a Hughes HS-601HP satellite with 28 Ku-band transponders and two higher frequency Ka-band transponders to support Astra's Return Channel System for two-way bandwidth-on-demand services.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 401 ; Spacewarn No. 548 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-033A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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QuikScat
Spacecraft:  QUIcKSCATterometer
Chronologies: 1999 payload #60 ; 1999-034A ; 5725th spacecraft.
Type: Earth/ocean remote sensing
Sponsor: NASA
Launch: 20 June 1999 at 2h15 UTC, from Vandenberg Air Force Base's SLC-4W, by a Titan 2 (23G-7).
Orbit: 281 km x 815 km x 98.7° x 95.6 min (Sun-synchronous)
Decayed:
Mission: QuikScat is an American oceanographic satellite that measures ocean winds and directions by monitoring wind-induced ripples by means of a microwave scatterometer. Built by Ball under a rapid-delivery contract, it carries the SeaWinds scatterometer for remote sensing of ocean winds. The instrument is a followup to the scatterometer that was onboard the Japanese ADEOS spacecraft that operated until 30 June 1997. It will also be onboard ADEOS-2, to be launched in 2000.
Launch: The Titan 23G-7, a two-stage refurbished ICBM, took off from Space Launch Complex 4-West at Vandenberg at 2h15 UTC. The second stage burned from 2h17 UTC to 2h20 UTC. The second stage then coasted to apogee with QuikScat still attached. The payload entered elliptical orbit at the end of the Titan second stage burn, and the Titan second stage vernier thrusters ignited at apogee to raise perigee, leaving QuikScat in a 280 x 813 km x 98.7° parking orbit. The QuikScat's own hydrazine propulsion system was then fire to raise the perigee further over a period of weeks.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 401 ; Spacewarn No. 548 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-034A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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FUSE
Spacecraft:  Far Ultraviolet Spectrometer Explorer
Chronologies: 1999 payload #61 ; 1999-035A ; 5726th spacecraft.
Type: Astronomy
Sponsor: NASA
Launch: 24 June 1999 at 15h44 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's SLC-17A, by a Delta 7925 (Delta 7320 271).
Orbit: 754 km x 770 km x 25° x 100 min
Decayed:
Mission: FUSE is a 1,400-kg American astronomical spacecraft that carries four 0.35-meter far-ultraviolet telescopes each with an ultraviolet high resolution spectrograph. The detectors cover the far ultraviolet band from the hydrogen ionization edge at 912A (Angstrom) to 1187A, just short of the Lyman alpha line at 1215A. For comparison, Hubble starts operating just longward of this wavelength. The far-UV spectra will measure the abundance of deuterium in the Universe, as well as study helium absorption in the intergalactic medium, hot gas in the galactic halo traced by lines like Oxygen VI at 1034A, and cold gas in molecular clouds from molecular hydrogen lines. While there have been other FUV satellites such as Copernicus, HST, etc., the investigative thrust on the FUSE data will be intergalactic clouds and interstellar clouds which, presumably, carry the pristine (Big Bang) deuteriums undepleted by voracious consumption in steller cores. The D/H ratios so obtained may proxy the status of the Universe minutes after the Bang.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 402 ; Spacewarn No. 548 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-035A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Raduga
Spacecraft:  Gran' No. 45
Chronologies: 1999 payload #62 ; 1999 2nd loss ; 5727th spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: Russia
Launch: 5 July 1999 at 13h32 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-81/24, by a D-1-e/Proton-K/Briz-M (8K82KM 389-01).
Orbit: n/a
Mission: This Russian Defense Ministry comsat. Gran' No. 45, was built by NPO Prikladnoi Mekhaniki and would have been named Raduga if it had reached orbit. The Gran' series are the oldest Russian geostationary comsats, first launched in 1975.
Launch: Krunichev's Proton-K launch vehicle suffered its first failure in six years (there have been upper stage failures since then, but not failures of the Proton itself). The Proton was launched from Baykonur at 13h32 UTC. At 4 min. 37 sec. into flight, one of the four second stage engines failed catastrophically and the second stage exploded. The remainder of the vehicle survived the explosion but broke up about 45 seconds later. Debris landed near Karaganda. The Proton second stage has four KB Khivavtomatiki RD-0210 engines, burning unsymmetrical dimethyl hydrazine (UDMH) and nitrogen tetroxide. Instead of the usual Energiya Blok-DM class stage, this mission carried the Krunichev Briz-M upper stage on its first test flight.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 403 ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Molniya 3-50
Spacecraft: Molniya-3 No. 63?
Chronologies: 1999 payload #63 ; 1999-036A ; 5728th spacecraft.
Type: Commuinication
Sponsor: Russia
Launch: 8 July 1999 at 8h46 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-43/3, by an A-2-e/"Molniya" (8K78M).
Orbit: 472 km x 40,813 km x 62.5° x 12 hr 16 min
Decayed:
Mission: Molniya 3-50 is a Russian communications satellite that provides military and civilian communications. This is the 52nd Molniya-3 to be launched, probably Molniya-3 11F637 No. 63, although the satellites are not launched in production order. The Molniya-3 is built by NPO PM of Zheleznogorsk and provides communications and TV relay for Russian military and civil agencies.
Launch: The launch was from one of the 3 active R-7 class pads at Plesetsk (LC16/pad 2, LC43/pad 3, LC43/pad 4) and used the 8K78M launch vehicle, consisting of the 11S59 core packet, the 11S510 Blok I third stage and the Blok-ML upper stage. The Blok ML and the payload were placed in a 62.8 degree low parking orbit and then the ML fired to deliver the payload to a 12-hour operational orbit. 
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 403 ; Spacewarn No. 549 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-036A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Globalstar M032
Spacecraft:
Chronologies: 1999 payload #64 ; 1999-037A ; 5729th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (phone)
Sponsor: U.S. Space Systems/Loral
Launch: 10 July 1999 at 8h45 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's SLC-17B, by a Delta 7925 (Delta 7420-10 272).
Orbit: 1,413 km x 1,414 km x 52° x 114 min
Decayed:
Mission: Seventh group of four Globalstars spacecrafts that joins the fleet of communications satellites that enables voice and data links to/from stations located far away from cellular networks. 28 Loral/Alenia Globalstar satellites have now reached orbit, the eventual total of the fleet will be 48 satellites.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 403 ; Spacewarn No. 549 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-037A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Globalstar M030
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #65 ; 1999-037B ; 5730th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (phone)
Sponsor: U.S. Space Systems/Loral
Launch: 10 July 1999 at 8h45 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's SLC-17B, by a Delta 7925 (Delta 7420-10 272).
Orbit: 1,413 km x 1,414 km x 52° x 114 min
Decayed:
Mission: Seventh group of four Globalstars spacecrafts that joins the fleet of communications satellites that enables voice and data links to/from stations located far away from cellular networks. 28 Loral/Alenia Globalstar satellites have now reached orbit, the eventual total of the fleet will be 48 satellites.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 403 ; Spacewarn No. 549 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-037B ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Globalstar M035
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #66 ; 1999-037C ; 5731st spacecraft.
Type: Communications (phone)
Sponsor: U.S. Space Systems/Loral
Launch: 10 July 1999 at 8h45 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's SLC-17B, by a Delta 7925 (Delta 7420-10 272).
Orbit: 1,413 km x 1,414 km x 52° x 114 min
Decayed:
Mission: Seventh group of four Globalstars spacecrafts that joins the fleet of communications satellites that enables voice and data links to/from stations located far away from cellular networks. 28 Loral/Alenia Globalstar satellites have now reached orbit, the eventual total of the fleet will be 48 satellites.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 403 ; Spacewarn No. 549 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-037C ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Globalstar M051
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #67 ; 1999-037D ; 5732nd spacecraft.
Type: Communications (phone)
Sponsor: U.S. Space Systems/Loral
Launch: 10 July 1999 at 8h45 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's SLC-17B, by a Delta 7925 (Delta 7420-10 272).
Orbit: 1,413 km x 1,414 km x 52° x 114 min
Decayed:
Mission: Seventh group of four Globalstars spacecrafts that joins the fleet of communications satellites that enables voice and data links to/from stations located far away from cellular networks. 28 Loral/Alenia Globalstar satellites have now reached orbit, the eventual total of the fleet will be 48 satellites.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 403 ; Spacewarn No. 549 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-037D ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Progress M-42
Spacecraft:  Progress 7K-TGM No 242
Chronologies: 1999 payload #68 ; 1999-038A ; 5733rd spacecraft.
Type: Cargo delivery to Mir
Sponsor: Russian Space Agency
Launch: 16 July 1999 at 16h36 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-1, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U 667).
Orbit: 344 km x 353 km x 51.7° x 91.5 min
Decayed: 2 February 2000 at 6h10:40 UTC over the Pacific.
Mission: Progress M-42 is a Russian automatic cargo ship that carried supplies and equipment to the Mir space station. Among the delivered supplies were equipment to operate the station unmanned and to prepare for a controlled re-entry, probably by March 2000, unless financial and political resources would enable its continued operation. The spacecraft was launched after resolution of a dispute with Kazakhstan arising out of the crash of a Proton-K rocket on 5 July 1999. It docked with Mir on 18 July 1999 at 17h53 UTC. It undocked six months later, on 2 February 2000 at 3h11:52 UTC, and was deorbited over the Pacific later the same day with a 8-minute burn.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 404 & 420 ; Spacewarn No. 549 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-038A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Okean-O 1
Spacecraft:  Okean-O No. 1
Chronologies: 1999 payload #69 ; 1999-039A ; 5734th spacecraft.
Type: Earth remote sensing
Sponsor: Russian Aviation/Space Agency (RAKA) / Ukrainian National Space Agency (NKAU)
Launch: 17 July 1999 at 6h38 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-45/1, by a J-1/Zenit-2 (17L).
Orbit: 662 km x 664 km x 98.1° x 98 min (Sun-synchronous)
Decayed:
Mission: Okean-O is a six-tonne Russian-Ukrainian remote sensing satellite that enables monitoring of ocean salinity, waves and ice conditions. It also relays data from fixed land- or ocean-based platforms. This is the first of a new generation of larger Okean oceanographic satellites, with a mass of about 6,500 kg.  The satellite carries a side-looking radar (RSL-BO) and a set of visible and infrared  scanners and radiometers. It is built by the Ukranian Yuzhnoe company and is a joint project of the Russian Aviation/Space Agency (RAKA) and the Ukrainian National Space Agency (NKAU). The launch had been delayed until resolution of a dispute with Kazakhstan arising out of a crash of a Proton-K rocket on 5 July 1999. 
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 404 ; Spacewarn No. 549 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-039A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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STS-93
Spacecraft:  Space Shuttle #95 ; Columbia (26th flight)
Chronologies: 1999 payload #70 ; 1999-040A ; 5735th spacecraft.
Type: Piloted spacecraft
Sponsor: NASA
Launch: 23 July 1999 at 11h47 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-39B, by the Space Shuttle.
Orbit: 260 km x 280 kmx 28.5° x 90 min
Recovered: 28 July 1999 at 3h20 UTC at Kennedy Space Center's Runway 33
Mission: STS-93 carryied the Chandra X-ray observatory as primary payload. The Shuttle also carried resources for several other science/engineering experiments: Midcourse Space Experiment which uses thruster firings from the Orbiter to calibrate the sensors on board the MSX (military) satellite; a SIMPLEX payload to generate pulsed thruster firings to understand shuttle-associated VHF echoes; a SWUIS payload to provide UV images of selected astronomical objects, and some microgravity experiments. The Orbiter landed back at Cape Canaveral on 28 July.
Launch: Launch was at 4h31 UTC, but 5 seconds after launch, a short in an electrical bus brought down a main engine controller on two of the Space Shuttle Main Engines (SSME). There are three buses, each supplying two main engine controllers. There are six engine controllers, two for each main engine, and the two controllers for each engine always run off different buses. So after the short, there was still at least one controller working on each engine. If there had been a similar short in a second electrical bus, then one of the main engines would have had no working controllers, which would have resulted in the engine shutting down. That early in the ascent, we'd have had the first ever attempt at an RTLS (Return To Launch Site) abort. So to hear comm traffic about bad engine controllers as Columbia was still streaking over the countdown clock was rather alarming. Happily, the short was not repeated and the remainder of the ascent seemed solid. 
     Post flight inspection confirms the presence of holes in the cooling lines on the nozzle of SSME 2019 (engine 3) which caused a hydrogen leak. A loose repair pin in the engine broke free and may have caused the failure. Although the leak was small, this combined with the electrical short makes two semi-serious failures in the main propulsion system during ascent. Fortunately the two failures didn't add together, but it seems like we lost enough redundancy to make me nervous.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 404 & 405 ; Spacewarn No. 549 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-040A; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; NASA's 2010-2014 NASA News Releases ;
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AXAF / Chandra
Spacecraft:  Chandra X-ray Observatory
Chronologies: 1999 payload #71 ; 1999-040B ; 5736th spacecraft.
Type: Astronomy
Sponsor: NASA
Launch: 23 July 1999 at 11h47 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-39B, by the Space Shuttle. Deployed from Columbia cargo bay on 23 July 1999.
Orbit: 9,942 km x 140,000 km x 28.5° x 64 hr
Decayed:
Mission: Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO) is an American astrophysical spacecraft. The 4,800 kg telescope has a focal length of about 10 meters and is shaped as a conical cylinder with a major diameter of 1.3 meter. The grazing-angle reflecting surface consists of four (paraboloic/hyperbolic) pairs of iridium coated "Zirodur" segments. At the focal plane a selection can be made to insert either a High Resolution Camera (HRC) or an Imaging Spectrometer (ACIS). HRC enables a resolution of 0.5 arc-seconds as follows. It is also possible to insert a high-energy or a low-energy transmission grating in the path of the focussing X-rays to obtain emission line spectra. Chandra is named after the Nobel Laureate astrophysicist, the late Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar.
     Chandra is one of NASA's "Great Observatories," along with the Hubble Space Telescope and Spitzer Space Telescope,  It is specially designed to detect X-ray emission from hot and energetic regions of the Universe and it helped revolutionize our understanding of the Universe through its unrivaled X-ray vision.  Chandra has observed objects ranging from the closest planets and comets to the most distant known quasars. It has imaged the remains of exploded stars, or supernova remnants, observed the region around the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way, and discovered black holes across the universe. it also has made a major advance in the study of dark matter by tracing the separation of dark matter from normal matter in collisions between galaxy clusters. It also is contributing to research on the nature of dark energy. “Chandra changed the way we do astronomy. It showed that precision observation of the X-rays from cosmic sources is critical to understanding what is going on,” said Paul Hertz, NASA's Astrophysics Division director.
 Originally called the Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility (AXAF), the telescope was first proposed to NASA in 1976.  It was renamed in honor of the late Indian-American Nobel laureate, Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, known to the world as Chandra (which means "moon" or "luminous" in Sanskrit). He was widely regarded as one of the foremost astrophysicists of the 20th century.
Launch: Chandra/IUS-27 was deployed from Columbia on 23 July 1999 at 11h47 UTC. At 12h48, the IUS-27 SRM-1 motor fired for 125 seconds to enter a 226 km x 13,841 km x 28.5° orbit. It then separated and SRM-2 fired at 12h51 for 117 seconds. Chandra then deployed its solar arrays at 13h22,  and SRM-2 separated from Chandra at 13h50. The spacecraft was placed in a 330 km x 72,030 km x 28.45° orbit, which was about 900 km lower than planned. The IUS underperformed slightly, but Chandra's own IPS propulsion system makes up most of the difference.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 404 ; Spacewarn No. 549 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-040B ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; NASA's 2010-14 News  ;
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Globalstar M026
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #72 ; 1999-041A ; 5737th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (phone)
Sponsor: U.S. Space Systems/Loral
Launch: 25 July 1999 at 7h46 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's SLC-17A, by a Delta 7925 (Delta 7420 273).
Orbit: 1,362 km x 1,382 km x 52° x 113 min
Decayed:
Mission: Eighth group of four Globalstars spacecrafts that joins the American fleet of communications satellites that now totals 32 satellites and enables voice and data transmissions to/from stations located far away from cellular networks.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 404 ; Spacewarn No. 549 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-041A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Globalstar M028
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #73 ; 1999-041B ; 5738th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (phone)
Sponsor: U.S. Space Systems/Loral
Launch: 25 July 1999 at 7h46 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's SLC-17A, by a Delta 7925 (Delta 7420 273).
Orbit: 1,362 km x 1,382 km x 52° x 113 min
Decayed:
Mission: Eighth group of four Globalstars spacecrafts that joins the American fleet of communications satellites that now totals 32 satellites and enables voice and data transmissions to/from stations located far away from cellular networks.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 404 ; Spacewarn No. 549 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-041B ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Globalstar M043
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #74 ; 1999-041C ; 5739th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (phone)
Sponsor: U.S. Space Systems/Loral
Launch: 25 July 1999 at 7h46 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's SLC-17A, by a Delta 7925 (Delta 7420 273).
Orbit: 1,362 km x 1,382 km x 52° x 113 min
Decayed:
Mission: Eighth group of four Globalstars spacecrafts that joins the American fleet of communications satellites that now totals 32 satellites and enables voice and data transmissions to/from stations located far away from cellular networks.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 404 ; Spacewarn No. 549 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-041C ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Globalstar M048
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #75 ; 1999-041D ; 5740th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (phone)
Sponsor: U.S. Space Systems/Loral
Launch: 25 July 1999 at 7h46 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's SLC-17A, by a Delta 7925 (Delta 7420 273).
Orbit: 1,362 km x 1,382 km x 52° x 113 min
Decayed:
Mission: Eighth group of four Globalstars spacecrafts that joins the American fleet of communications satellites that now totals 32 satellites and enables voice and data transmissions to/from stations located far away from cellular networks.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 404 ; Spacewarn No. 549 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-041D ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Telkom 1
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #76 ; 1999-042A ; 5741st spacecraft.
Type: Communications (multi-service)
Sponsor: PT Telkomunikasi of Indonesia
Launch: 12 August 1999 at 22h52 UTC, from Kourou Space Center's ELA-2, by an Ariane 42P (V118).
Orbit: Geostationary at 108° East longitude
Decayed:
Mission: Telkom 1 is an Indonesian communications spacecraft that carries 24 C-band and 12 extended C-band transponders to provide voice and video communications to Indonesia and other regional countries. The 1.7-tonne, 4-kW spacecraft is an A2100 series satellite build by Lockheed Martin/Sunnyvale. It is a successor to the Palapa series of satellites, the first of which was launched in 1976 (Palapa 1). Mass of Telkom 1 is 2,763 kg launch and 1,700 kg in GEO.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 406 ; Spacewarn No. 550 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-042A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Globalstar M024
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #77 ; 1999-043A ; 5742nd spacecraft.
Type: Communications (phone)
Sponsor: U.S. Space Systems/Loral
Launch: 17 August 1999 at 4h37 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's SLC-17B, by a Delta 7925 (Delta 7420 274).
Orbit: 1,368 km x 1,386 km x 52.0° x 113.3 min
Decayed:
Mission: Ninth group of four Globalstars spacecrafts that joins the American fleet of communications satellites that now totals 36 satellites and enables voice and data transmissions to/from stations located far away from cellular networks. 
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 406 ; Spacewarn No. 550 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-043A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Globalstar M027
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #78 ; 1999-043B ; 5743rd spacecraft.
Type: Communications (phone)
Sponsor: U.S. Space Systems/Loral
Launch: 17 August 1999 at 4h37 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's SLC-17B, by a Delta 7925 (Delta 7420 274).
Orbit: 1,368 km x 1,386 km x 52.0° x 113.3 min
Decayed:
Mission: Ninth group of four Globalstars spacecrafts that joins the American fleet of communications satellites that now totals 36 satellites and enables voice and data transmissions to/from stations located far away from cellular networks. 
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 406 ; Spacewarn No. 550 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-043B ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Globalstar M053
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #79 ; 1999-043C ; 5744th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (phone)
Sponsor: U.S. Space Systems/Loral
Launch: 17 August 1999 at 4h37 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's SLC-17B, by a Delta 7925 (Delta 7420 274).
Orbit: 1,368 km x 1,386 km x 52.0° x 113.3 min
Decayed:
Mission: Ninth group of four Globalstars spacecrafts that joins the American fleet of communications satellites that now totals 36 satellites and enables voice and data transmissions to/from stations located far away from cellular networks. 
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 406 ; Spacewarn No. 550 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-043C ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Globalstar M054
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #80 ; 1999-043D ; 5745th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (phone)
Sponsor: U.S. Space Systems/Loral
Launch: 17 August 1999 at 4h37 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's SLC-17B, by a Delta 7925 (Delta 7420 274).
Orbit: 1,368 km x 1,386 km x 52.0° x 113.3 min
Decayed:
Mission: Ninth group of four Globalstars spacecrafts that joins the American fleet of communications satellites that now totals 36 satellites and enables voice and data transmissions to/from stations located far away from cellular networks. 
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 406 ; Spacewarn No. 550 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-043D ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2365
Spacecraft:  Yantar-4K1 / Kobal't (80)
Chronologies: 1999 payload #81 ; 1999-044A ; 5746th spacecraft.
Type: Reconnaissance
Sponsor: Russia's Defense ministry
Launch: 18 August 1999 at 18h00 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-43/3, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U).
Orbit: Initial: 166 km x 342 km x 67.1°
Operational: 176 km x 368 km x 67.1° x 90 min
Recovered: 15 December 1999, after 119 days.
Mission A Yantar'-class reconnaissance satellite. 
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 406 & 506 ; Spacewarn No. 550 & 554 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-044A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2366
Spacecraft:  Parus
Chronologies: 1999 payload #82 ; 1999-045A ; 5747th spacecraft.
Type: Navigation
Sponsor: Russia's Defense ministry
Launch: 26 August 1999 at 12h03 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-132/1, by a Kosmos C-1 (11K65M).
Orbit: 964 km x 1,007 km x 82.9° x 104.8 min
Decayed:
Mission: Kosmos-2366 is a Parus-class navigation satellite built by Polyot of Omsk.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 407 ; Spacewarn No. 550 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-045A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Mugunghwa 3 / Koreasat 3
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #83 ; 1999-046A ; 5748th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (multi-service)
Sponsor: Korea Telecom
Launch: 4 September 1999 at 22h34 UTC, from Kourou Space Center's ELA-2, by an Ariane 42P (V120).
Orbit: Geostationary at 116° East longitude 
Mission: Mugungwa 3, also known as Koreasat 3, is a South Korean satellite replaces Koreasat 1 in operations since August 1995. It is a Lockheed Martin/Sunnyvale A2100 class comsat with both Ka and Ku band transponders. Launch mass was 2,790 kg.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 407 ; Spacewarn No. 551 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-046A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Yamal 102
Spacecraft:  Yamal-100 No. 2
Chronologies: 1999 payload #84 ; 1999-047A ; 5749th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (multi-service)
Sponsor: Russia's AO Gazcom
Launch: 6 September 1999 at 16h36 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-81/23, by a D-1-e/Proton-K/DM-2M (8K82K 388-02 / 11S861).
Orbit: Geostationary at 49° East longitude
Mission: Yamal 101 and Yamal 102 are two Russian satellites that are intended to serve the gas industry (Gasprom company) which had been serviced by the Gorizont fleet of satellites. RKK Energiya is building these satellites for AO Gazcom of Moscow, a joint venture of RKKE and RAO Gazprom, the Russian natural gas monopoly. Each satellite carries a communications payload of 12 C-band transponders built by Space Systems/Loral and supports internal communications for RAO Gazprom. Satellite mass is 1,360 kg. 
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 407 & 408 ; Spacewarn No. 551 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-047A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ; Energiya's Yamal Communications satellites ;
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Yamal 101
Spacecraft:  Yamal-100 No. 1
Chronologies: 1999 payload #85 ; 1999-047B ; 5750th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (multi-service)
Sponsor: Russia's AO Gazcom
(Source: Energiya)
Launch: 6 September 1999 at 16h36 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-81/23, by a D-1-e/Proton-K/DM-2M (8K82K 388-02 / 11S861).
Orbit: Geostationary at 90° East longitude
Mission: Yamal 101 and Yamal 102 are two Russian satellites that are intended to serve the gas industry (Gasprom company) which had been serviced by the Gorizont fleet of satellites. (Problems with the onboard resouces on Yamal 101 had been reported at the start of the operational phase and, probably, repaired later.) RKK Energiya is building these satellites for AO Gazcom of Moscow, a joint venture of RKKE and RAO Gazprom, the Russian natural gas monopoly. Each satellite carries a communications payload of 12 C-band transponders built by Space Systems/Loral and supports internal communications for RAO Gazprom. Satellite mass is 1,360 kg.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 407 & 408 ; Spacewarn No. 551 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-047B ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ; Energiya's Yamal Communications satellites ;
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Foton 12
Spacecraft:  Foton (34KS) No. 12
Chronologies: 1999 payload #86 ; 1999-048A ; 5751st spacecraft.
Type: Earth remote sensing
Sponsor: Russia
Launch: 9 September 1999 at 18h00 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-43/4, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U).
Orbit: 216 km x 378 km x 62.8° x 90.5 min
Recovered: 24 September 1999
Mission: Foton 12 is a Russian retrievable research spacecraft that carries resources for microgravity experiments from Germany, France, Sweden and other countries. Built by TsSKB Progress of Samara, Russia, the Foton satellites are based on the Zenit spy satellite bus, related to the old Vostok spaceship. The spacecraft consists of a spherical descent module, a service module with solid-propellant deorbit motor, and a separable battery pack. The 240-kg module completed the experiment and soft landed near Russian-Kazakh border on 24 September. After two weeks of microgravity, the retrorocket fired and separated, with the spacecraft's descent module landing in Russia at 52 28° North and 53 50° East at between 9h18 UTC and 9h29 UTC on 24 September 1999.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 408 ; Spacewarn No. 551 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-048A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Globalstar M033
Spacecraft: Globalstar FM33
Chronologies: 1999 payload #87 ; 1999-049A ; 5752nd spacecraft.
Type: Communications (phone)
Sponsor: U.S. Space Systems/Loral
Launch: 22 September 1999 at 14h33 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-1, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U / Ikar ST04/061).
Orbit: 900 km x 1,000 km x 52° x 105 min
Decayed:
Mission: Tenth group of four Globalstars spacecrafts that joins the American fleet of low orbit satellites that enable links between fixed or mobile phones located far away from cellular networks. With these four, the operational fleet has now 40 satellites. Globalstar will provide service starting in the next few months. The eventual fleet of 52 (48 + 4 spares) satellites will be monitored by a global network of 19 ground stations. The Globalstar satellites use the Space Systems/Loral LS-400 bus, built by SS-L/Palo Alto and Alenia/Roma. Eight more Globalstars are due for Soyuz-U launches in October/November 1999. 
Launch: The Starsem Soyuz/Ikar rocket took off from area 1 at 5 GIK (Baykonur). The four strapons separated 2 minutes after launch and at 4 minutes after launch, the Blok-A central core (nominally stage 2) separated. The Blok I third stage fired until 9 minutes after launch, entering a 235 km x 906 km x 51.9° transfer orbit and separating from the Ikar upper stage and dispenser. At apogee Ikar burned to deploy the four satellites in a 900 km x 960 km x 51.9° parking orbit. Ikar later made a deorbit burn and reentered on 24 September 1999.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 408 ; Spacewarn No. 551 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-049A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Globalstar M050
Spacecraft:  Globalstar FM50
Chronologies: 1999 payload #88 ; 1999-049B ; 5753rd spacecraft.
Type: Communications (phone)
Sponsor: U.S. Space Systems/Loral
Launch: 22 September 1999 at 14h33 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-1, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U / Ikar ST04/061).
Orbit: 900 km x 1,000 km x 52° x 105 min
Decayed:
Mission: Tenth group of four Globalstars spacecrafts that joins the American fleet of low orbit satellites that enable links between fixed or mobile phones located far away from cellular networks. With these four, the operational fleet has now 40 satellites. Globalstar will provide service starting in the next few months. The eventual fleet of 52 (48 + 4 spares) satellites will be monitored by a global network of 19 ground stations. The Globalstar satellites use the Space Systems/Loral LS-400 bus, built by SS-L/Palo Alto and Alenia/Roma. Eight more Globalstars are due for Soyuz-U launches in October/November 1999.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 408 ; Spacewarn No. 551 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-049B ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Globalstar M055
Spacecraft:  Globalstar FM55
Chronologies: 1999 payload #89 ; 1999-049C ; 5754th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (phone)
Sponsor: U.S. Space Systems/Loral
Launch: 22 September 1999 at 14h33 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-1, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U / Ikar ST04/061).
Orbit: 900 km x 1,000 km x 52° x 105 min
Decayed:
Mission: Tenth group of four Globalstars spacecrafts that joins the American fleet of low orbit satellites that enable links between fixed or mobile phones located far away from cellular networks. With these four, the operational fleet has now 40 satellites. Globalstar will provide service starting in the next few months. The eventual fleet of 52 (48 + 4 spares) satellites will be monitored by a global network of 19 ground stations. The Globalstar satellites use the Space Systems/Loral LS-400 bus, built by SS-L/Palo Alto and Alenia/Roma. Eight more Globalstars are due for Soyuz-U launches in October/November 1999.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 408 ; Spacewarn No. 551 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-049C ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Globalstar M058
Spacecraft:  Globalstar FM58
Chronologies: 1999 payload #90 ; 1999-049D ; 5755th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (phone)
Sponsor: U.S. Space Systems/Loral
Launch: 22 September 1999 at 14h33 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-1, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U / Ikar ST04/061).
Orbit: 900 km x 1,000 km x 52° x 105 min
Decayed:
Mission: Tenth group of four Globalstars spacecrafts that joins the American fleet of low orbit satellites that enable links between fixed or mobile phones located far away from cellular networks. With these four, the operational fleet has now 40 satellites. Globalstar will provide service starting in the next few months. The eventual fleet of 52 (48 + 4 spares) satellites will be monitored by a global network of 19 ground stations. The Globalstar satellites use the Space Systems/Loral LS-400 bus, built by SS-L/Palo Alto and Alenia/Roma. Eight more Globalstars are due for Soyuz-U launches in October/November 1999.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 408 ; Spacewarn No. 551 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-049D ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Echostar 5
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #91 ; 1999-050A ; 5756th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (DBS)
Sponsor: EchoStar
Launch: 23 September 1999 at 6h02 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's SLC-36A, by an Atlas IIAS (AC-155).
Orbit: Geostationary at 110° West longitude
Mission: Echostar 5 is an American communications spacecraft that provides 150 audio/video channels direct-to-home in North America. The 3,200-kg spacecraft is a Ku-band satellite supplementing the Dish Network, built by Space Systems/Loral using the FS-1300 bus.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 408 ; Spacewarn No. 551 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-050A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Ikonos 2
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #92 ; 1999-051A ; 5757th spacecraft.
Type: Earth imaging
Sponsor: U.S. Space Imaging Inc.
Launch: 24 September 1999 at 18h21 UTC, from Vandenberg Air Force Bases's SLC-6, by an Athena-2 (LM-7).
Orbit: 678 km x 682 kmx 98.2° x 98.4 min
Decayed:
Mission: Ikonos 2 is an American (privately owned) imaging satellite that produces one-meter resolution images that are marketed under the brand name of Carterra. Ikonos spacecraft 2 carries a 1-meter resolution black-and-white camera and a 4-meter resolution color camera, with a 13 km swath width. (Until its launch, the highest resolution of marketed images had been from the Indian IRS 1C and IRS 1D with a resolution of 5.8 meters.) The spacecraft was built by Lockheed Martin/Sunnyvale using the LM900 bus. Mass is 726 kg. (Ikonos flight satellite number 2 has apparently been named simply 'Ikonos' on orbit (Ikonos 1 fell in the Pacific in a launch failure.)
Launch: The Lockheed Martin Athena-2 flight LM-007 took off from Space Launch Complex 6 at Vandenberg AFB on 24 September. If the launch profile was similar to that planned for the first Ikonos launch, the Orbus 21 third stage placed Ikonos and the OAM fourth stage on a suborbital trajectory. The first OAM burn would then place the stack in a 220 km x 689 km x 98.2° transfer orbit 10 minutes after launch. 51 minutes after launch, the OAM fired again at apogee for 6 minutes, placing Ikonos in a 678 km x 682 km x 98.1°  Sun-synchronous orbit with a 10:30 a.m. descending node. It then separated from Ikonos and fired again to lower its orbit for disposal.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 408 ; Spacewarn No. 551 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-051A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Telstar 7
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #93 ; 1999-052A ; 5758th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (multi-service)
Sponsor: Loral Skynet
Launch: 25 September 1999 at 6h29 UTC, from Kourou Space Center's ELA-2, by an Ariane 44LP (V121).
Orbit: Geostationary at 129° West longitude 
Mission: Telstar 7 is an American communications spacecraft that carries 24 C-band (37 Watts) and 24 Ku-band (100 Watts) transponders to provide voice and video transmissions to North and Central America. It is a Space Systems/Loral FS-1300 satellite owned by Loral Skynet witha dry mass of 1,537 kg (3,790 kg fuelled).
On 28 November 2004, the Intelsat Americas™-7 (IA-7) satellite experienced a sudden and unexpected electrical distribution anomaly that caused the permanent loss of the spacecraft. Intelsat is working with Space Systems/Loral, the manufacturer of the satellite, to identify the cause of the problem. The satellite, which operated at 129° West, was launched in September 1999 and covered the continental U.S., Alaska, Hawaii, Canada, Central America, and parts of South America. The satellite was self-insured by Intelsat.
     In fact, the Intelsat's IA-7 was briefly declared lost, since Intelsat had recovered control of the satellite by Dec 4. The satellite was originally launched as Telstar 7 for Loral Skynet (the successor organization to AT&T's comms satellite business) and was sold to Intelsat in March
2004.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 408 & 540: Spacewarn No. 551 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-052A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ; Intelsat News Releate of 28 Nov 04 and 3 Dec 04 ;
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LMI 1
Spacecraft:  Lockheed-Martin Intersputnik
Chronologies: 1999 payload #94 ; 1999-053A ; 5759th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (multi-service)
Sponsor: Lockheed-Martin
Launch: 26 September 1999 at 22h30 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-81/23, by a D-1-e/Proton-K/DM-2M (8K82K 398-02 / DM3).
Orbit: Geostationary at 75° East longitude
Decayed:
Mission: LMI-1 is a US-Russian communications spacecraft that provides voice and video broadcast with its total of 44 high-power transponders in the C- and Ku-bands to several countries between central Europe and Southeast Asia. The jointly owned LMI corporation has plans to launch a total of 15 such satellites.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 409 ; Spacewarn No. 551 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-053A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Resurs F-1M
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #95 ; 1999-054A ; 5760th spacecraft.
Type: Earth remote sensing
Sponsor: Russia
Launch: 28 September 1999 at 11h00 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-43/4, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U).
Orbit: 174 km x 219 km x 82.3° x 88.6 min
Decayed: 22 October 1999
Mission: Resurs F-1M is a Russian natural resources satellite that carries cameras to image natural resources on Russian territory. This is the second Resurs F-1M flight; the first Resurs F1M was in November 1997, following on from the Resurs F-1 flights which ended in 1993. The Resurs F-1M satellite was recovered after completing its 3-week remote sensing mission.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 409 & 410 ; Spacewarn No. 551 & 552 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-054A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Navstar 42 (USA 145)
Spacecraft:  Navstar SVN 46 / GPS 2R-3
Chronologies: 1999 payload #96 ; 1999-055A ; 5761st spacecraft.
Type: Navigation
Families: 46th Navstar (3rd second-generation replacement)
Sponsor: U.S. Department of Defense 

Source: A. Parsch
Launch: 7 October 1999 at 12h51 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's SLC-17A, by a Delta 7925 (275).
Orbit: 20,097 km x 21,164 km x 53.1° x 736.2 min
Decayed:
Mission: Navstar 46 is an American navigational spacecraft of the GPS fleet that is the third of the 21 redesigned 2R series that may eventually replace the existing GPS fleet. With this launch, the GPS fleet has now 28 operational spacecraft. This satellite replaced SVN 50 (GPS-IIR production number SV-10), which was damaged awaiting launch on pad 17 during a thunderstorm on 8 May 1999. Rain leaked into the clean-room on SLC-17A's mobile launch tower. This spacecraft has been returned to the factory for repairs. 
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 398 & 409 ; Spacewarn No. 552 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-055A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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DirecTV-1R
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #97 ; 1999-056A ; 5762nd spacecraft.
Type: Communications (DBS)
Sponsor: Hughes Inc.
Launch: 10 October 1999 at 3h28 UTC, from Sea Launch's Odyssey, by a Zenit-3SL.
Orbit: Geostationary at 101° West longitude
Mission: DirecTV 1-R is an American communications spacecraft that provides video channels directly to home-based dishes in an anticipated 50 million homes in North America through its 16 high-power Ku-band transponders. The spacecraft is a HS-601 and weights 3,800 kg.
Launch: Boeing Sea Launch made its second successful Zenit-3SL flight from the Odyssey launch platform in the Pacific Ocean. This was the first flight to carry a commercial payload. The launch occured from the platform Odyssey that floated on the equatorial Pacific ocean at 0.0° latitude and 154° West longitude by an Ukrainian Zenit rocket. This is the first commercial launch by the Sea Launch consortium jointly owned by American, Russian and Ukrainian companies. 
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 410 ; Spacewarn No. 552 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-056A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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ZY-1 / Zi Yuan 1 / CBERS 1
Spacecraft:  China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite
Chronologies: 1999 payload #98 ; 1999-057A ; 5763rd spacecraft.
Type: Earth remote sensing
Sponsor: Chinese Academy of Space Technology / Brazilian space agency INPE.
Launch: 14 October 1999 at 3h15 UTC, from Taiyuan Space Launch Center's LC-1, by a Chang Zheng-4B (CZ4B-2).
Orbit: 733 km x 745 km x 98.6° x 99.6 min
Decayed:
Mission: Zi Yuan 1 is the first China-Brasil Earth Resource Satellite (CBERS), a joint project between the Chinese Academy of Space Technology and the Brazilian space agency INPE. The 1,450-kg spacecraft carries three high-resolution cameras to monitor environmental and vegetation conditions in China, Brazil and other countries. It was jointly financed by both governments. The spacecraft, which is probably built by CAST/Beijing with INPE/Brasil, is controlled from both Chinese and Brazilian ground stations.
     On 18 February 2007, the 7-year-old Earth observation spacecraft, jointly developed and operated by China and Brazil, suffered an unexpected fragmentation. At the time
CBERS-1 was in an orbit of 770 km by 780 km with an inclination of 98.2°. It had been retired in August 2003 after exceeding its design lifetime of two years by another two years. The apogee of CBERS-1 was raised slightly at the time of its decommissioning. Approximately two dozen debris from CBERS-1 were detected.
     CBERS-01 was still operating well after it’stwo-year life-expectancy has expired. The China Resource Satellite Application Centre has received about 230,000 pictures provided by the CBERS-1 and the data covers 96% of China's territory. "If there weren't any clouds above the territory, the satellite would cover all of China," said Liu Jibing, minister of the State Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence. The satellite data includes agricultural monitoring, natural disaster monitoring and assessment, forest and grassland surveys and data for urban development. CBERS-01 “not only provided useful information for our country, but also made Brazil independent of developed countries in using data from a resource satellite,” he said.
     CBERS-01 was the first space technology project China jointly developed with another developing country. “With its launch and operation, China reached the advanced world level of the 1990s in the field of earth resources satellites,” according to Luan En'jie, director of the China National Space Administration. 
Launch: This was the second launch of the Shanghai group's CZ-4B rocket, which has an improved third stage and larger fairing compared to the earlier CZ-4A.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 410 & 434  ; Spacewarn No. 552 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-057A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; NASA Orbital Debris Quaterly News, April 2007 ; China Daily's 5 Mar 02 ;
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SACI 1
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #99 ; 1999-057B ; 5764th spacecraft.
Type: Science & technology
Sponsor: Brazil' INPE
Launch: 14 October 1999 at 3h15 UTC, from Taiyuan Space Launch Center's LC-1, by a Chang Zheng-4B (CZ4B-2).
Orbit: 733 km x 745 km x 98.6° x 99.6 min
Decayed:
Mission: SACI 1 is a microsatellite that monitors cosmic rays, magnetic field and plasma. This 60-kg experimental scientific satellite carries a magnetometer, particle detectors and an atmospheric experiment. INPE reportedly lost contact with the satellite in mid-October and its current status is unknown.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 410 ; Spacewarn No. 552 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-057B ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Globalstar M031
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #100 ; 1999-058A ; 5765th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (phone)
Sponsor: U.S. Space Systems/Loral
Launch: 18 October 1999 at 13h22 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-1, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U / Ikar ST05).
Orbit: 1,333 km x 1,349 km x 51.9° x 112.5 min
Decayed:
Mission: Eleventh group of four Globalstars spacecrafts that joins the fleet of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites that enables communications among stationary or mobile phones located far away from cellular networks. This brings the total to 44 of the planned fleet of 48 satellites. One more Soyuz launch in November 1999 will complete the fleet, and a subsequent Delta 2 launch will provide four on-orbit spares. Globalstar has now begun limited service with its satellite telephone system.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 410 ; Spacewarn No. 552 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-058A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Globalstar M056
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #101 ; 1999-058B ; 5766th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (phone)
Sponsor: U.S. Space Systems/Loral
Launch: 18 October 1999 at 13h22 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-1, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U / Ikar ST05).
Orbit: 1,333 km x 1,349 km x 51.9° x 112.5 min
Decayed:
Mission: Eleventh group of four Globalstars spacecrafts that joins the fleet of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites that enables communications among stationary or mobile phones located far away from cellular networks. This brings the total to 44 of the planned fleet of 48 satellites. Globalstar has now begun limited service with its satellite telephone system.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 410 ; Spacewarn No. 552 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-058B ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Globalstar M057
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #102 ; 1999-058C ; 5767th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (phone)
Sponsor: U.S. Space Systems/Loral
Launch: 18 October 1999 at 13h22 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-1, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U / Ikar ST05).
Orbit: 1,333 km x 1,349 km x 51.9° x 112.5 min
Decayed:
Mission: Eleventh group of four Globalstars spacecrafts that joins the fleet of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites that enables communications among stationary or mobile phones located far away from cellular networks. This brings the total to 44 of the planned fleet of 48 satellites. Globalstar has now begun limited service with its satellite telephone system.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 410 ; Spacewarn No. 552 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-058C ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Globalstar M059
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #103 ; 1999-058D ; 5768th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (phone)
Sponsor: U.S. Space Systems/Loral
Launch: 18 October 1999 at 13h22 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-1, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U / Ikar ST05).
Orbit: 1,333 km x 1,349 km x 51.9° x 112.5 min
Decayed:
Mission: Eleventh group of four Globalstars spacecrafts that joins the fleet of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites that enables communications among stationary or mobile phones located far away from cellular networks. This brings the total to 44 of the planned fleet of 48 satellites. Globalstar has now begun limited service with its satellite telephone system.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 410 ; Spacewarn No. 552 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-058D ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Telstar 12 / Orion 2
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #104 ; 1999-059A ; 5769th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (multi-service)
Sponsor: Loral Orion
Launch: 19 October 1999 at 6h22 UTC, from Kourou Space Center's ELA-2, by an Ariane 44LP (V122).
Orbit: Geostationary at 12° West longitude
Mission: Orion 2 is an American communications spacecraft that provides voice and video communications to the Americas, Europe and Africa. The 3,800-kg (including 2,200 kg of fuel) and 10.6-kW FS-1300 class spacecraft carries 48 Ku-band transponders. The Orion satellites are used for international communications and complement the Telstar domestic series operated by Loral Skynet.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 410 ; Spacewarn No. 552 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-059A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Ekspress A1
Spacecraft:  Ekspress-A No. R 001
Chronologies: 1999 payload #105 ; 1999 3rd loss ; 5770th spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: Russia
Launch: 27 October 1999 at 16h16 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-200/39, by a D-1-e/Proton-K/DM-2 (8K82K 386-02 / 11S861).
Orbit: n/a
Mission: The Russian Ekspress-A1 communications satellite was launched on 27 October but the Proton-K launch vehicle failed early in flight, during second stage burn. This is the second failure of the 8K82K Proton-K this year.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 410 ; Spacewarn No.  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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GE 4
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #106 ; 1999-060A ; 5771st spacecraft.
Type: Communications (DBS)
Sponsor: GE Americom
Launch: 13 November 1999 at 22h55 UTC, from Kourou Space Center's ELA-2, by an Ariane 44LP (V123).
Orbit: Geostationary at 101° West longitude
Mission: GE 4 is an American communications spacecraft that provides TV broadcast coverage to cable networks serving most countries in North and South America. The 3,903-kg spacecrafts provides C- and Ku-band communications services for GE Americom, replacing the older Spacenet 4 satellite. It is an A2100AX type spacecraft built by Lockheed Martin/Sunnyvale.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 411 ; Spacewarn No. 553 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-060A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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MTSAT
Spacecraft: Multi-functional Transportation Satellite
Chronologies: 1999 payload #107 ; 1999 4th loss ; 5772nd spacecraft.
Type: Meteorology
Sponsor: Japanese Meteorological Agency
Launch: 15 November 1999 at 7h29 UTC, from Tanegashima's Y, by a H-2 (H-II-8F).
Orbit: n/a
Mission: MTSAT carries a communications and air traffic control payload for the Japanese transportation ministry and a meteorological payload for the Japanese Meteorological Agency. It was built by Space Systems/Loral and based on their FS-1300 series comsat bus and was a follow-on to the GMS (Himawari) weather satellite series. MTSAT had a mass of 1,223 kg dry, 2,900 kg at launch.
Launch: The NASDA's H-2 rocket failed four minutes after launch from Tanegashima. The H-2 jettisoned its two large solid boosters 1.5 minute after launch, but toward the end of the burn of the large first stage something went wrong and the rocket was lost. This H-2 carried the 5S-type fairing and a new second stage with the LE-5B engine being developed for the H-2A program, but the accident happened before second stage ignition. 
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 411 ; Spacewarn No.  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Shenzhou 1
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #108 ; 1999-061A ; 5773rd spacecraft.
Type: Piloted spaceship test flight
Sponsor: China
Launch: 19 November 1999 at 22h30 UTC, from Jiuquan Space Launch Center's LA-4, by a Chang Zheng-2F (CZ2F-1).
Orbit: 195 km x 315 km x 42.6° x 89.6 min
Recovered: 20 November 1999 at 19h41 UTC in Inner Mongolia
Mission: Shenzhou-1, China‘s first unmanned flight test, was a prototype to test the performance and reliability of the carrier rocket and spacecraft. Shenzhou-1 carried only 9 of the 13 sub-systems in operation. The mission was designed mainly to test five technologies: spaceship section connection and separation, posture moderating and braking; lifting control; heat insulation, and recovering technology. "To play it safe," said Chief Designer Qi Faren, "a plan with minimum configuration was adopted."  It parachuted down in Inner Mongolia after orbiting for 21 hours.  Qu described his feeling for the 21-hour flight as "spending the hour as the year."  After one or two unmanned flights, the same model is expected to carry one or more "taikonauts" in 2000. (A reported variant of Taikonaut is Taikongaut, "Tai Kong" meaning Cosmos.)

From Xinhua news release of 21 November 1999: 
     The space vehicle, named "Shenzhou" by President Jiang Zemin, was launched with a new model of Long March rocket at 6:30 (Beijing time) on November 20.  This is China's first experimental spacecraft, part of the country's manned space flight program. 
     The spacecraft touched down in the central Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in north China at 3:41 (Beijing time) on 21 November, successfully concluding the first flight of the system.  [The flight lasted 21 hr. 11 min.]  This marks another milestone in China's astronautical history: the successful launching and retrieval of the spaceship marks the country's new major breakthrough in manned space flight technology. Officials with the organization work said that China started to implement the manned space flight program in 1992.
     During the spacecraft's flight in orbit, it was traced, monitored and controlled by ground monitoring and controlling system and four surveying ships. 
     The Spacecraft and carrier rocket were made by China itself. The spacecraft was developed and manufactured mainly by the China Research Institute of Carrier Rocket Technology under the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, the Chinese Research Institute of Space Technology and Shanghai Research Institute of Astronautical Technology. The Beijing Aerospace Directing and Controlling Center organized the tracing, surveying and controlling of the test launch. Relevant departments of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Information Industry took part in the designing, manufacturing and testing in the project.
Launch: The Shenzhou was launched by the new CZ-2F vehicle, an improved version of the CZ-2E, from a new pad at China's oldest space launch site (Jiuquan) in the Gobi desert.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 412 ; Spacewarn No. 553 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-061A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; Xinhua's 21 Nov 99, 21 Nov 99, 16 Oct 03 ;
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Globalstar M029
Spacecraft:
Chronologies: 1999 payload #109 ; 1999-062A ; 5774th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (phone)
Sponsor: U.S. Space Systems/Loral
Launch: 22 November 1999 at 16h20 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-1, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U / Ikar ST06).
Orbit: Circular at about 1,400 km x 52°
Decayed:
Mission: Twelfth group of four Globalstars spacecrafts that brings the fleet to the planned total of 48 satellites that provide links between mobile or fixed telephones in isolated areas (four more are to be launched as reserves).
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 412 ; Spacewarn No. 553 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-062A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Globalstar M034
Spacecraft:
Chronologies: 1999 payload #110 ; 1999-062B ; 5775th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (phone)
Sponsor: U.S. Space Systems/Loral
Launch: 22 November 1999 at 16h20 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-1, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U / Ikar ST06).
Orbit: Circulat at about 1,400 km x 52°
Decayed:
Mission: Twelfth group of four Globalstars spacecrafts that brings the fleet to the planned total of 48 satellites that provide links between mobile or fixed telephones in isolated areas (four more are to be launched as reserves).
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 412 ; Spacewarn No. 553 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-062B ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Globalstar M039
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #111 ; 1999-062C ; 5776th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (phone)
Sponsor: U.S. Space Systems/Loral
Launch: 22 November 1999 at 16h20 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-1, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U / Ikar ST06).
Orbit: Circulat at about 1,400 km x 52°
Decayed:
Mission: Twelfth group of four Globalstars spacecrafts that brings the fleet to the planned total of 48 satellites that provide links between mobile or fixed telephones in isolated areas (four more are to be launched as reserves).
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 412 ; Spacewarn No. 553 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-062C ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Globalstar M061
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #112 ; 1999-062D ; 5777th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (phone)
Sponsor: U.S. Space Systems/Loral
Launch: 22 November 1999 at 16h20 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-1, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U / Ikar ST06).
Orbit: Circulat at about 1,400 km x 52°
Decayed:
Mission: Twelfth group of four Globalstars spacecrafts that brings the fleet to the planned total of 48 satellites that provide links between mobile or fixed telephones in isolated areas (four more are to be launched as reserves).
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 412 ; Spacewarn No. 553 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-062D ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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UFO F10 (USA 146)
Spacecraft:  UHF F/O F10
Chronologies: 1999 payload #113 ; 1999-063A ; 5778th spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: U.S. Navy
Launch: 23 November 1999 at 4h06 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's SLC-36B, by an Atlas IIA (AC-136).
Orbit: Geostationary
Mission: UFO 10 (also known as UHF Follow On 10) is an American military communications spacecraft that carries transponders to provide 39 UHF channels, 11 EHF channels and a few Ka-band channels to provide communications services for the US Navy. The 1,545-kg, 3,800-kW spacecraft is a Hughes HS-601 model and also carries the Global Broadcast Service TV payload.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 412 ; Spacewarn No. 553 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-063A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Helios 1B
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #114 ; 1999-064A ; 5779th spacecraft.
Type: Reconnaissance
Sponsor: France's Defense ministry
Launch: 3 December 1999 at 16h22 UTC, from Kourou Space Center's ELA-2, by an Ariane 40 (V124).
Orbit: 660 km x 682 km x 98.1° x 98.4 min (Sun-synchronous)
Decayed:
Mission: The French Helios 1B military photo-reconnoissance satellite is based on the Matra Marconi Space SPOT 4 bus. Mass is 2,544 kg. It is operated by the CNES space agency and the DGA (Delegation Generale de l'Armament).
    In mid-October 2004, Helios 1B has been taken out of service, its orbit was lowered from 679 km x 681 km x 98.2° to 637 km x 640 km x 98.2°, taking it out of the path of  Helios 1A and future successors.
Launch: The launch vehicle was an Ariane 40, with no strapon boosters, using the small type 02 fairing for the first time since 1996.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 413 & 538  ; Spacewarn No. 554 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-064A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Clementine
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #115 ; 1999-064B ; 5780th spacecraft.
Type: Electonic intelligence
Sponsor: France's Defense ministry
Launch: 3 December 1999 at 16h22 UTC, from Kourou Space Center's ELA-2, by an Ariane 40 (V124).
Orbit: 650 km x 664 km x 98.1° x 97.8 min
Decayed:
Mission: Clementine is a 50-kg French research spacecraft that monitors Earth's "radio-electric environment". This Surrey Satellite/Alcatel Space electronic intelligence technology satellite is a follow-on to the Cerise satellite launched in 1995.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 413 ; Spacewarn No. 554 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-064B ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Orbcomm FM30
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #116 ; 1999-065A ; 5781st spacecraft.
Type: Communications (phone)
Sponsor: U.S. Orbcomm inc.
Launch: 4 December 1999 at 18h53 UTC, from Wallops Island's RW-22, by a Pegasus XL.
Orbit: 830 km x 834 km x 45° x 101.5 min
Decayed:
Mission: This sixth (and last) group (of seven) Orbcomms is American low-earth orbit communications spacecrafts that enable communications of data and messages from/to remote land and ocean sites. (Earlier Orbcomm launches had a stack of eight satellites, but the new Orbcomm are slightly more massive that the earlier ones, probably around 45 kg.)
Launch: The Orbital Sciences L-1011 Stargazer launch aircraft took off from Runway 22 at Wallops Flight Facility at 17h56 UTC on 3 December and headed out over the Atlantic to launch a Pegasus XL rocket. Drop was at 18h53. The drop point was probably in the vicinity of 37.0° North and 72.0° West. The Pegasus third stage entered a 407 km x 726 km x 45.0° orbit. Two burns by the HAPS fourth stage led to deployment of the Orbcomms in an 820 km x 840 km x 45.0° operational orbit.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 413 & 414 ; Spacewarn No. 554 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-065A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Orbcomm FM31
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #117 ; 1999-065B ; 5782nd spacecraft.
Type: Communications (phone)
Sponsor: U.S. Orbcomm inc.
Launch: 4 December 1999 at 18h53 UTC, from Wallops Island's RW-22, by a Pegasus XL.
Orbit: 830 km x 834 km x 45° x 101.5 min
Decayed:
Mission: This sixth (and last) group (of seven) Orbcomms is American low-earth orbit communications spacecrafts that enable communications of data and messages from/to remote land and ocean sites. (Earlier Orbcomm launches had a stack of eight satellites, but the new Orbcomm are slightly more massive that the earlier ones, probably around 45 kg.)
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 413 ; Spacewarn No. 554 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-065B ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Orbcomm FM32
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #118 ; 1999-065C ; 5783rd spacecraft.
Type: Communications (phone)
Sponsor: U.S. Orbcomm inc.
Launch: 4 December 1999 at 18h53 UTC, from Wallops Island's RW-22, by a Pegasus XL.
Orbit: 830 km x 834 km x 45° x 101.5 min
Decayed:
Mission: This sixth (and last) group (of seven) Orbcomms is American low-earth orbit communications spacecrafts that enable communications of data and messages from/to remote land and ocean sites. (Earlier Orbcomm launches had a stack of eight satellites, but the new Orbcomm are slightly more massive that the earlier ones, probably around 45 kg.)
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 413 ; Spacewarn No. 554 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-065C ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Orbcomm FM33
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #119 ; 1999-065D ; 5784th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (phone)
Sponsor: U.S. Orbcomm inc.
Launch: 4 December 1999 at 18h53 UTC, from Wallops Island's RW-22, by a Pegasus XL.
Orbit: 830 km x 834 km x 45° x 101.5 min
Decayed:
Mission: This sixth (and last) group (of seven) Orbcomms is American low-earth orbit communications spacecrafts that enable communications of data and messages from/to remote land and ocean sites. (Earlier Orbcomm launches had a stack of eight satellites, but the new Orbcomm are slightly more massive that the earlier ones, probably around 45 kg.)
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 413 ; Spacewarn No. 554 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-065D ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Orbcomm FM34
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #120 ; 1999-065E ; 5785th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (phone)
Sponsor: U.S. Orbcomm inc.
Launch: 4 December 1999 at 18h53 UTC, from Wallops Island's RW-22, by a Pegasus XL.
Orbit: 830 km x 834 km x 45° x 101.5 min
Decayed:
Mission: This sixth (and last) group (of seven) Orbcomms is American low-earth orbit communications spacecrafts that enable communications of data and messages from/to remote land and ocean sites. (Earlier Orbcomm launches had a stack of eight satellites, but the new Orbcomm are slightly more massive that the earlier ones, probably around 45 kg.)
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 413 ; Spacewarn No. 554 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-065E ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Orbcomm FM35
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #121 ; 1999-065F ; 5786th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (phone)
Sponsor: U.S. Orbcomm inc.
Launch: 4 December 1999 at 18h53 UTC, from Wallops Island's RW-22, by a Pegasus XL.
Orbit: 830 km x 834 km x 45° x 101.5 min
Decayed:
Mission: This sixth (and last) group (of seven) Orbcomms is American low-earth orbit communications spacecrafts that enable communications of data and messages from/to remote land and ocean sites. (Earlier Orbcomm launches had a stack of eight satellites, but the new Orbcomm are slightly more massive that the earlier ones, probably around 45 kg.)
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 413 ; Spacewarn No. 554 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-065F ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Orbcomm FM36
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #122 ; 1999-065G ; 5787th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (phone)
Sponsor: U.S. Orbcomm inc.
Launch: 4 December 1999 at 18h53 UTC, from Wallops Island's RW-22, by a Pegasus XL.
Orbit: 830 km x 834 km x 45° x 101.5 min
Decayed:
Mission: This sixth (and last) group (of seven) Orbcomms is American low-earth orbit communications spacecrafts that enable communications of data and messages from/to remote land and ocean sites. (Earlier Orbcomm launches had a stack of eight satellites, but the new Orbcomm are slightly more massive that the earlier ones, probably around 45 kg.)
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 413 ; Spacewarn No. 554 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-065G ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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XMM / XMM-Newton
Spacecraft:  X-ray Multimirror Mission
Chronologies: 1999 payload #123 ; 1999-066A ; 5788th spacecraft.
Type: Astronomy
Sponsor: ESA / European Space Agency
Launch: 10 December 1999 at 14h32 UTC, from Kourou Space Cenger's ELA-3, by an Ariane 5 (Ariane 504, V119).
Orbit: 7,365 km x 114,000 km x 38.7°
Decayed:
Mission: XMM is a large X-ray observatory which complements NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory. XMM has larger collecting area but poorer spatial resolution, so it will be better at getting detailed spectra of bright and moderately faint X-ray sources, while Chandra will be better at detecting the very faintest X-ray sources and at distinguishing spectral details in different parts of a source (for instance, separating a pulsar from a supernova remnant or a quasar from a cluster of galaxies). Built by DaimlerChrysler Dornier Satellitensystem, the 3.7-tonne spacecraft carries three 13-meter-long, 4.5-meter-diameter X-ray telescopes. At the focal plane are situated three X-ray cameras, one for each telescope. These cameras, named EPIC (European Photon Imaging Camera) have CCD detectors. The pointing accuracy of the telescope array is 0.25 seconds of arc, sustainable during a 10-second period. Two of these three imaging telescopes have a complementary role also: to provide X-ray spectra through Reflecting Grating Spectrometers (RGS). Finally, these X-ray observations are complemented by an Optical Monitor (OM) telescope covering visible and UV wavelengths.
     XMM was put in safemode on 20 December 1999 until early January to avoid any "Y2K" problems caused by ground systems.
Launch: The fourth Ariane 5 launch is the first launch of a functional spacecraft by this latest model of Ariane 5 rocket and the first commercial flight. The initial version of the Ariane 5 EPS upper stage can only make a single burn, so mission 504 flew an unusual direct ascent trajectory to its highly elliptical orbit. The EPC main stage separated at 14h42 UTC in a high energy suborbital trajectory with a velocity of around 7.8 km/s, and impact near the Galapagos Islands. The EPS upper stage ignited and made a long 16 minute burn to accelerate the vehicle to over 9 km/s and 1,880 km altitude. XMM separated from the EPS upper stage at 15h01, and is in an 838 km x 11,2473 km x 40.0° transfer orbit, very close to the planned one.
     The Ariane 5 vehicle consists of two EAP (Étage d'Accéleration à Poudre) solid boosters, the EPC (Étage Principal Cryogénique) main stage which features the LH2/LOX high energy 1145 kN Snecma Vulcain engine, and the EPS (Étage à Propergols Stockables) upper stage with the 29 kN Aestus engine burning hydrazine and nitrogen tetroxide. The large nose fairing covers EPS and the payload. The only other launch vehicles with a liquid hydrogen first stage are the Shuttle and Japan's H-2.
     This was the second fully successful flight for Ariane 5, which is a completely new launch vehicle (Ariane 4 is basically an upgraded version of Ariane 1, 2 and 3). The first Ariane 5 flight ended in disaster, with the Cluster science payload ending up in the mangrove swamp next to the launch pad. The second flight had a relatively minor roll problem which left the experimental payload in an orbit which was thousands of kilometers lower than planned. The third flight placed the ARD capsule on its planned suborbital trajectory and put a dummy satellite in geostationary transfer orbit. The first two test missions were carried out under the auspices of the European Space Agency (ESA); Ariane 503 was owned and launched by the commercial Arianespace launch provider, but counted as a test mission, while XMM is Arianespace's first commercial contract to fly on Ariane 5, albeit with ESA as the customer. The success of flight V119 will bolster confidence that the early problems with the vehicle are behind it.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 414 & 415 ; Spacewarn No. 554 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-066A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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DMSP 5D-3 F-15 (USA 147)
Spacecraft:  DMSP 5D-3 S-15 ; Defense Meteorological Satellite Program
Chronologies: 1999 payload #124 ; 1999-067A ; 5789th spacecraft.
Type: Meteorology
Sponsor: U.S. Air Force
Source : A, Parsch
Launch: 12 December 1999 at 17h38 UTC, from Vandenberg Air Force Base's SLC-4W, by a Titan 2 (23G-8).
Orbit: 837 km x 851 km x 98.9° x 101.8 min
Decayed:
Mission: DMSP F15 is a 840-kg American quasi-military spacecraft that carries visible, infra-red and microwave imagers to monitor weather status. Like the earlier versions in the DMSP series, it also carriers instruments to monitor auroral zone precipitation of energetic particles. This first Block 5D-3 model, satellite F-15, was built by Lockheed Martin/East Windsor (the former RCA) and has similar in design to the civilian NOAA weather satellites. The operational and data archival responsibilities were transferred to the civilian agency NOAA.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 414 & 415 ; Spacewarn No. 554 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-067A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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SACI 2
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #125 ; 1999 5th loss ; 5790th spacecraft.
Type: Technology
Sponsor: Brazil's INPE
Launch: 11 December 1999 at 19h40 UTC, from Alcantara, by a VLS-1 (V02).
Orbit: n/a
Mission: Brazil ran into more bad luck when the second launch of its VLS-1 rocket met a similar fate to the first one. Three minutes after launch, the second stage failed to ignite and the vehicle went off course. It was destroyed by range safety command. On the previous mission, the strapons on the first stage failed, so at least on this flight the Brazilian team were able to test the first stage successfully. VLS-1 mission V02 carried a research satellite, SACI-2. (Launch time was 16h40 local time, which allegedly translates to 19h40 UTC.)
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 414 & 416 ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Terra / EOS AM-1
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #126 ; 1999-068A ; 5791st spacecraft.
Type: Earth remote sensing
Sponsor: NASA
Launch: 18 December 1999 at 18h57 UTC, from Vandenberg Air Force Base's SLC-3E, by an Atlas IIAS (AC-141).
Orbit: 654 km x 685 km x 98.2 x  98.1 min (Sun-synchronous)
Decayed:
Mission: Terra is a 4,864-kg American (jointly with Japan and Canada) weather spacecraft that carries an array of instruments to monitor clouds, aerosals and solar radaition balance. Terra (formerly Earth Observing System EOS AM-1) is the first spacecraft in the EOS program and was built by Lockheed Martin/Valley Forge, who also built the earlier Nimbus series of spacecraft. The 4,854-kg spacecraft carries multispectral imagers, a radiation budget instrument, a detector to measure CO and methane pollution and an instrument to study cloud top and vegetation properties, TERRA and other EOS missions form the core of NASA's Earth Science Enterprise.
Launch: This was the first Centaur launched from Vandenberg and the first Atlas to use the new extended length 4.3-meter payload fairing. 
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 415 ; Spacewarn No. 554 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-068A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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STS-103
Spacecraft:  Space Shuttle #96 ; Discovery (27th flight)
Chronologies: 1999 payload #127 ; 1999-069A ; 5792nd spacecraft.
Type: Piloted spacecraft
Sponsor: NASA
Launch: 20 December 1999 at 0h50 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-39B, by the Space Shuttle.
Orbit: 563 km x 609 km x 28.5° x 103 min
Recovered: 28 December 1999 at 0h01 UTC at Cape Canaveral
Mission: STS 103 main mission was to repair the inoperational Hubble spacecraft: replacing all six gyroscopes, including the four recently failed ones (that engendered total shut down since 13 November 1999), and also replacing its computer system, the voltage and temperature controls on its battery packs, and installing an additional onboard data recorder of 12 gigabyte capacity.
     The Discovery crew grappled the Hubble Space Telescope with the robot arm on 22 December 1999 at 0h34 UTC. After three repair EVAS, HST was released on 25 December at 23h03. Then, Discovery landed on runway 33 at Kennedy Space Center at 00h01 on 28 December. This was the third repair mission to Hubble (SM-3A); the earlier ones were during December 1993 (STS-61), and February 1997 (STS-82).
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 415 & 416 ; Spacewarn No. 554 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-069A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Arirang-1 / KOMPSAT
Spacecraft:  Korean Multipurpose Satellite
Chronologies: 1999 payload #128 ; 1999-070A ; 5793rd spacecraft.
Type: Technology
Sponsor: KARI / Korea Aerospace Research Instute
Launch: 21 December 1999 at 7h12 UTC, from Vandenberg Air Force Base's LC-576E, by a Taurus (T4).
Orbit: 688 km x 710 km x 98.3° x 98.8 min
Decayed:
Mission: KOMPSAT is an experimental South Korean spacecraft that carries remote sensing instruments for providing digital cartography of Korea and status of marine biology. It carries an ocean color sensor developed by TRW and particle detectors. The spacecraft was built by the Korean Aerospace Research Institute (KARI) based on a test model built by TRW; it uses the TRW STEP Lightsat bus and has a mass of around 500 kg, with 73 kg of hydrazine fuel.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 416 & 418 ; Spacewarn No. 554 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-070A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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ACRIMSAT
Spacecraft:  ACRIMSAT stands for Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor Satellite
Chronologies: 1999 payload #129 ; 1999-070B ; 5794th spacecraft.
Type: Earth/Space Science
Sponsor: NASA
Launch: 21 December 1999 at 7h12 UTC, from Vandenberg Air Force Base's LC-576E, by a Taurus (T4).
Orbit: 683 km x 727 km x 98.3° x 99 min
Decayed:
Mission: ACRIMSAT is a 288-kg Earth/Space science satellite that monitors the solar radiation variability. It carries the ACRIM-3 instrument to measures solar irradiance at high accuracy (<0.1%) as a long-term follow-up to theACRIM-1 (carried on the SMM spacecraft in 1980) and ACRIM-2 (carried on UARS spacecraft since 1991). 
     In 2013, Acrimsat completed a 14-year mission  Richard Willson, ACRIM principal investigator, has used the data set to study cycles in the Sun's variations. He has been able to attribute some regular cycles to the alignment of planets and their gravitational tug on the Sun. "The Sun, Earth and Jupiter are aligned in their orbits every 1.09 years and we see a bump in solar irradiance every year at that time," he explained. "That's just one of many cycles we have found. People have guessed at these effects for 150 years, but finding these frequencies in ACRIM data made it possible to pin down the effects for the first time." He also added that ACRIM measurements "have contributed significantly to understanding the Sun's effect on climate on time scales up to half a million years."
     Acrimsat was built by Orbital Sciences Corp at a cost of $26 million and for a planned five-year mission. On 14 December 2013, just months after a review recommended its continued operation, the spacecraft lost contact with ground team and all attempts to reestablish contact have been unsuccessful. The satellite most likely suffered an expected, age-related battery failure. The ACRIM 3 instrument was still working perfectly when the satellite lost contact and that AcrimSat's batteries had far exceeded their shelf life.  The spacecraft remains safely in orbit about 700 kilometers above Earth and is expected to stay aloft for another 64 years. Three other satellite instruments launched in 1995, 2003 and 2013 continue to monitor total solar irradiance.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 416, 694 ; Spacewarn No. 554 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-070B ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; Spaceflight Now's 2014 Stories ; NASA's 2010-2014 News Releases ;
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Celestis 3
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #130 ; 1999-070C ; 5795th spacecraft.
Type: Space burials
Sponsor: Celestis Inc.
Launch: 21 December 1999 at 7h12 UTC, from Vandenberg Air Force Base's LC-576E, by a Taurus (T4).
Orbit: 688 km x 710 km x 98.3° x 98.8 min
Decayed:
Mission: Attached to the Taurus final stage is a Celestis burial canister containing cremated human remains. It carries three dozen capsules, each holding 200 grams of cremated remains, at a price of $4,800 per capsule.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 416 ; Spacewarn No. 554 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-070C ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Galaxy 11
Spacecraft: 
Chronologies: 1999 payload #131 ; 1999-071A ; 5796th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (multi-service)
Sponsor: Hughes Inc.
Launch: 22 December 1999 at 0h50 UTC, from Kourou Space Center's ELA-2, by an Ariane 44L (V125).
Orbit: Geostationary at 91° West longitude
Decayed:
Mission: Galaxy 11 is an American communications spacecraft that carries 24 C-band and 40 Ku-band transponders to provide voice and video communications to North America and Brazil. The 2,775-kg, 10.4-kW spacecraft is the first HS-702 satellite and is the first to use ion propulsion to go from geostationary transfer orbit to circular geostationary orbit, using its 25-cm XIPS ion engine. Launch mass was 4,484 kg (Hughes refuse to reveal the true (dry) mass of their satellites).
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 416 ; Spacewarn No. 554 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-071A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2367
Spacecraft:  US-P / US-PM
Chronologies: 1999 payload #132 ; 1999-072A ; 5797th spacecraft.
Type: Ocean surveillance ("RORSAT")
Sponsor: Russia's Defense ministry
Launch: 26 December 1999 at 8h00 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-90/20, by a F-1/Tsyklon 2.
Orbit: 404 km x 418 km x 65° x 92.8 min
Decayed: 20 July 2002
Mission: Kosmos 2367 is a US-P passive electronic intelligence satellite. US-P is a Russian Navy system used to detect radio and electronic transmissions from ships. Built by KB Arsenal of Sankt-Peterburg, these satellites are cylindrical with two large solar arrays and a low thrust propulsion system which keeps them in a precise orbit. The last US-P satellite ended operations in November and reentered earlier this month.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 416 ; Spacewarn No. 554 & 585 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-072A; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2368
Spacecraft:  Oko
Chronologies: 1999 payload #133 ; 1999-073A ; 5798th spacecraft.
Type: Missille early warning
Sponsor: Russia's Defense ministry
Launch: 27 December 1999 at 19h20 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-16/2, by an A-2-e/"Molniya" (8K78M).
Orbit: 557 km x 39,717 km x 63° x 716 min
Decayed:
Mission: Kosmos 2368 is an Oko-class early warning satellite. The Oko satellites are built by the Lavochkin company and carry a large telescope to monitor missile launches.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 416 ; Spacewarn No. 554 ; National Space Science Data Center's 1999-073A ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
Home 1993 Summary
1992 spacecrafts 1994 spacecrafts
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The 118 spacecrafts launched in 1993 :
1) Kosmos 2230 / Tsikada 2) Molniya 1-85 3) STS-54 4) TDRS 6
5) Kosmos 2231 / Yantar-4K2 66 6) Soyuz TM-16 7) Kosmos 2232 / Oko 72 8) Navstar 2-18 (USA 88)
9) Kosmos 2233 / Parus 10) OXP 1 / Orbcomm CDS 11) SCD-1 12) Kosmos 2234 / Glonass (Uragan) 73L
13) Kosmos 2235 / Glonass (Uragan) 59L 14) Kosmos 2236 / Glonass (Uragan) 57L 15) Astro D / ASCA Asuka 16) Progress M-16
17) Raduga 29 18) EKA-1 (Start-1) 19) UFO F1 20) Kosmos 2237 / Tselina-2
21) Navstar 2-19 (USA 90) 22) SEDS 1 23) Kosmos 2238 / US-P / US-PM 1 24) Progress M-17
25) Kosmos 2239 / Parus 26) Kosmos 2240 / Yantar-4K2 67 27) Kosmos 2241 / Oko 73 28) STS-56 - Atlas-2
29) Spartan 201 30) Kosmos 2242 / Tselina-R / Tselina-D 73 31) Molniya 3-44 32) Alexis
33) Orbcomm OXP-2 34) STS-55 -  Spacelab-D2 35) Kosmos 2243 / Yantar-1KFT 16 36) Kosmos 2244 / US-P / US-PM 2
37) Kosmos 2245 / Strela-3 38) Kosmos 2246 / Strela-3 39) Kosmos 2247 / Strela-3 40) Kosmos 2248 / Strela-3
41) Kosmos 2249 / Strela-3 42) Kosmos 2250 / Strela-3 43) Astra 1C 44) Arsene-OSCAR 29
45) Navstar 2-20 /  (USA 91) 46) Resurs F-17 47) Progress M-18 48) Molniya 1-86
49) Gorizont 50) Kosmos 2251 / Strela-2 51) STS-57 52) Kosmos 2252 / Strela-3
53) Kosmos 2253 / Strela-3 54) Kosmos 2254 / Strela-3 55) Kosmos 2255 / Strela-3 56) Kosmos 2256 / Strela-3
57) Kosmos 2257 / Strela-3 58) HGS-4 (Galaxy 4H) 59) Resurs F-18 60) Radcal
61) Navstar 2-21 (USA 92) 62) SEDS 2 (PMG-PDP) 63) Soyuz TM-17 64) Kosmos 2258 / US-P / US-PM 3
65) Kosmos 2259 / Yantar-4K2 68 66) DSCS III B-9 (USA 94) 67) Kosmos 2260 / Zenit-8 / Oblik 68) Hispasat 1B
69) Insat 2B 70) NOSS 19 / SLDCOM 3 71) SSU 72) SSU
73) SSU 74) TLD 75) Molniya 3-45 76) NOAA 13
77) Kosmos 2261 / Oko 74 78) Progress M-19 79) Resurs F-19 80) Navstar 2-22 (USA 94)
81) Meteor 2-21 82) Temisat 83) UFO F2 (USA 95) 84) Kosmos 2262 / Don (5) / Orlets-1 5
85) STS-51 86) ACTS 87) ORFEUS-SPAS 88) Kosmos 2263 / Tselina-2
89) Kosmos 2264 / US-P / US-PM 4 90) IRS-1E 91) SPOT 3 92) STELLA
93) Eyesat 1 / AMRAD-Oscar-27 94) Healthsat 1 95) ITAMsat / Italy-OSCAR 26(IO-26) 96) Uribyol 2 / KITSAT-OSCAR 25 (KO-25)
97) PoSAT 1 / PoSAT-OSCAR 28 98) Raduga 30 99) Landsat 6 100) FSW 1-14 / Jian Bing 
101) Progress M-20 102) STS-58 - SLS-2 103) Intelsat 701 104) Kosmos 2265 / Taifun-1B
105) Navstar 2-23 (USA 96) 106) Gorizont 28 107) Kosmos 2266 / Parus 108) Kosmos 2267 / Yantar-4KS1
109) Gorizont 29 / Rimsat  110) Solidaridad 1 (Satmex 3) 111) Meteosat 6 / MOP 3 112) DSCS III B-10 (USA 97)
113) STS-61 114) NATO IVB (USA 98) 115) Telstar 401 116) DBS 1 / DirecTV 1
117) Thaicom 1 118) Molniya 1-87
..
Spacecraft Entries
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Kosmos 2230
Spacecraft:  Tsikada
Numbers: 1993 payload #1 ; 1993-001A ; 4861st spacecraft.
Type: Navigation
Sponsor: Russia's Defense ministry
Launch: 12 January 1992 at 11h02 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-133/3, by a Kosmos C-1 (11K65M 53778-426).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Molniya 1-85
Spacecraft:  Molniya-1T
Numbers: 1993 payload #2 ; 1993-002A ; 4862nd spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: Russia
Launch: 13 January 1993 at 1h55 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-43/3, by an A-2-e/"Molniya" (8K78M / ML).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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STS-54
Spacecraft:  Endeavour
Numbers: 1993 payload #3 ; 1993-003A ; 4863rd spacecraft.
Type: Piloted spacecraft
Sponsor: NASA
Launch: 13 January 1992 at 13h55 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-39B, by the Space Shuttle.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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TDRS 6
Spacecraft:  TDRS F
Numbers: 1993 payload #4 ; 1993-003B ; 4864th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (data relay)
Sponsor: NASA
Launch: 13 January 1992 at 13h55 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-39B, by the Space Shuttle. Deployed from Endeavour cargo bay on 13 January 1993.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2231
Spacecraft: Yantar-4K2 no. 66 / Kobal't
Numbers: 1993 payload #5 ; 1993-004A ; 4865th spacecraft.
Type: Reconnaissance
Sponsor: Russia's Defense ministry
Launch: 19 January 1993 at 14h52 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-43/3, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Soyuz TM-16
Spacecraft:  Soyuz 7K-STM No. 101
Numbers: 1993 payload #6 ; 1993-005A ; 4866th spacecraft.
Type: Piloted spacecraft
Sponsor: Russia (Korolev's Design Bureau)
Launch: 24 January 1992 at 5h58 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-1, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U2).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2232
Spacecraft:  Oko #72
Numbers: 1993 payload #7 ; 1993-006A ; 4867th spacecraft.
Type: Missille early warning
Sponsor: Russia's Defense ministry
Launch: 26 January 1992 at 14h24 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-16/2, by an A-2-e/"Molniya" (8K78M / 2BL).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Navstar 2-18 (USA 88)
Spacecraft:  Navstar SVN 22 / · Navstar 2A-09 / Navstar BIIA-18
Numbers: 1993 payload #8 ; 1993-007A ; 4868th spacecraft.
Type: Navigation
Sponsor: U.S. Air Force
Launch: 3 February 1993 at 2h55 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-17A, by a Delta 7925 (218).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2233
Spacecraft:  Parus
Numbers: 1993 payload #9 ; 1993-008A ; 4869th spacecraft.
Type: Navigation
Sponsor: Russia's Defense ministry
Launch: 9 February 1993 at 2h52 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-133/3, by a Kosmos C-1 (11K65M 47178-428).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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OXP 1 / Orbcomm CDS
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1993 payload #10 ; 1993-009A ; 4870th spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: U.S.' Orbital Communications Corp.
Launch: 9 February 1993 at 14h24 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's RW-15/33, by a Pegasus (003/F3).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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SCD-1
Spacecraft:  Data Collection Satellite 1
Numbers: 1993 payload #11 ; 1993-009B ; 4871th spacecraft.
Type: Environmental data relay
Sponsor: Brazil
Launch: 9 February 1993 at 14h24 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's RW-15/33, by a Pegasus (003/F3).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2234
Spacecraft:  Glonass s/n 73L / Uragan No. 73L
Numbers: 1993 payload #12 ; 1993-010A ; 4872nd spacecraft.
Type: Navigation
Sponsor: Russia's Defense ministry
Launch: 17 February 1993 at 20h09 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-81/23, by a D-1-e/Proton-K/DM-2 (8K82K 362-01 / 11S861 66L).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2235
Spacecraft:  Glonass s/n 59L / Uragan No. 59L
Numbers: 1993 payload #13 ; 1993-010B ; 4873rd spacecraft.
Type: Navigation
Sponsor: Russia's Defense ministry
Launch: 17 February 1993 at 20h09 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-81/23, by a D-1-e/Proton-K/DM-2 (8K82K 362-01 / 11S861 66L).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2236
Spacecraft:  Glonass s/n 57L / Uragan No. 57L
Numbers: 1993 payload #14 ; 1993-010C ; 4874th spacecraft.
Type: Navigation
Sponsor: Russia's Defense ministry
Launch: 17 February 1993 at 20h09 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-81/23, by a D-1-e/Proton-K/DM-2 (8K82K 362-01 / 11S861 66L).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Astro D / ASCA Asuka 
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1993 payload #15 ; 1993-011A ; 4875th spacecraft.
Type: X-ray astronomy
Sponsor: Japan
Launch: 20 February 1993 at 2h24 UTC, from Kagoshima Space Center's M1, by a Mu-3S-II (M-3S2-7).
Orbit:
Decayed: 2 March 2001
Mission: The Japanese Asuka (ASTRO D, ASCA) satellite operated from February 1993 to July 2000 and made observations of the hard X-ray sky with CCD imagers and a foil-type set of X-ray telescopes.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 448  ; Spacewarn No. 569 ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log
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Progress M-16
Spacecraft:  Progress 7K-TGM No. 216
Numbers: 1993 payload #16 ; 1993-012A ; 4876th spacecraft.
Type: Cargo delivery to Mir
Sponsor: Russia (Korolev's Design Bureau)
Launch: 21 February 1993 at 18h28 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-1, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U2 U15000-068).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Raduga 29
Spacecraft:  Gran' No. 42L
Numbers: 1993 payload #17 ; 1993-013A ; 4877th spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: Russia
Launch: 25 March 1993 at 2h28 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-81/23, by a D-1-e/Proton-K/DM-2 (8K82K 358-01 / 11S861 67L).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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EKA-1 (Start-1)
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1993 payload #18 ; 1993-014A ; 4878th spacecraft.
Type: Technology
Sponsor: Russia
Launch: 25 March 1993 at 13h26 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-158, by a Start-1.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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UFO F1
Spacecraft:  UHF F/O F1 ; Ultra High Frequency Follow On
Numbers: 1993 payload #19 ; 1993-015A ; 4879th spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: U.S. Navy
Launch: 25 March 1993 at 21h36 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-36B, by an Atlas I (AC-74 / Centaur I 5054).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2237
Spacecraft:  Tselina-2
Numbers: 1993 payload #20 ; 1993-016A ; 4880th spacecraft.
Type: Electronic intelligence
Sponsor: Russia's Defense ministry
Launch: 26 March 1993 at 2h24 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-45/1, by a J-1/Zenit-2.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Navstar 2-19 (USA 90)
Spacecraft:  Navstar SVN 31 / Navstar 2A-10 / Navstar BIIA-19
Numbers: 1993 payload #21 ; 1993-017A ; 4881st spacecraft.
Type: Navigation
Sponsor: U.S. Air Force
Launch: 30 March 1993 at 3h09 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-17A, by a Delta 7925 (219).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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SEDS 1
Spacecraft:  Small Expendable-tether Deployer
Numbers: 1993 payload #22 ; 1993-017B ; 4882nd spacecraft.
Type: Technology
Sponsor: U.S. Air Force
Launch: 30 March 1993 at 3h09 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-17A, by a Delta 7925 (219).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2238
Spacecraft:  US-P / US-PM s/n 1
Numbers: 1993 payload #23 ; 1993-018A ; 4883rd spacecraft.
Type: Ocean surveillance ("RORSAT")
Sponsor: Russia's Defense ministry
Launch: 30 March 1993 at 12h00 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-90, by a F-1/Tsyklon 2.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Progress M-17
Spacecraft:  Progress 7K-TGM No. 217
Numbers: 1993 payload #24 ; 1993-019A ; 4884th spacecraft.
Type: Cargo delivery to Mir
Sponsor: Russia (Korolev's Design Bureau)
Launch: 31 March 1993 at 3h36 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-1, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U2 N15000-069).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2239
Spacecraft:  Parus
Numbers: 1993 payload #25 ; 1993-020A ; 4885th spacecraft.
Type: Navigation
Sponsor: Russia's Defense ministry
Launch: 1st April 1993 at 18h57 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-133/3, by a Kosmos C-1 (11K65M 47178-431).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2240
Spacecraft:  Yantar-4K2 no. 67 / Kobal't
Numbers: 1993 payload #26 ; 1993-021A ; 4886th spacecraft.
Type: Reconnaissance
Sponsor: Russia's Defense ministry
Launch: 2 April 1993 at 14h09 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-16/2, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2241
Spacecraft:  Oko #73
Numbers: 1993 payload #27 ; 1993-022A ; 4887th spacecraft.
Type: Missille early warning
Sponsor: Russia's Defense ministry
Launch: 6 April 1993 at 19h12 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-43/4, by an A-2-e/"Molniya" (8K78M / 2BL).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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STS-56 - Atlas-2 
Spacecraft:  Discovery
Numbers: 1993 payload #28 ; 1993-023A ; 4888th spacecraft.
Type: Piloted spacecraft
Sponsor: NASA
Launch: 8 April 1993 at 5h29 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-39B, by the Space Shuttle.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Spartan 201
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1993 payload #29 ; 1993-023B ; 4889th spacecraft.
Type: Astronomy
Sponsor: NASA
Launch: 8 April 1993 at 5h29 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-39B, by the Space Shuttle. Deployed from Discovery cargo bay on 11 April 1993.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2242
Spacecraft:  Tselina-R / Tselina-D no. 73
Numbers: 1993 payload #30 ; 1993-024A ; 4890th spacecraft.
Type: Electronic intelligence
Sponsor: Russia's Defense ministry
Launch: 16 April 1993 at 7h55 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-32, by a F-2/Tsyklon 3.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Molniya 3-44
Spacecraft:  Molniya-3 No. 57
Numbers: 1993 payload #31 ; 1993-025A ; 4891st spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: Russia
Launch: 21 April 1993 at 0h28 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-43/4, by an A-2-e/"Molniya" (8K78M / ML).
Orbit:
Decayed: 25 January 2004
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No. 603 ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Alexis
Spacecraft: P89-1B
Numbers: 1993 payload #32 ; 1993-026A ; 4892nd spacecraft.
Type: Astronomy
Sponsor: U.S. Air Force
Launch: 25 April 1993 at 13h56 UTC, from Edwards Air Force Base's RW-04/22, by a Pegasus (004/F4).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Orbcomm OXP-2
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1993 payload #33 ; 1993-026B ; 4893rd spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: U.S.' Orbital Communications Corp.
Launch: 25 April 1993 at 13h56 UTC, from Edwards Air Force Base's RW-04/22, by a Pegasus (004/F4).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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STS-55 -  Spacelab-D2
Spacecraft:  Columbia
Numbers: 1993 payload #34 ; 1993-027A ; 4894th spacecraft.
Type: Piloted spacecraft
Sponsor: NASA
Launch: 25 April 1993 at 14h50 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-39A, by the Space Shuttle.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2243
Spacecraft:  Yantar-1KFT no. 16 / Kometa No. 16
Numbers: 1993 payload #35 ; 1993-028A ; 4895th spacecraft.
Type: Reconnaissance
Sponsor: Russia's Defense ministry
Launch: 27 April 1993 at 12h28 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-31, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2244
Spacecraft:  US-P / US-PM s/n 2
Numbers: 1993 payload #36 ; 1993-029A ; 4896th spacecraft.
Type: Ocean surveillance ("RORSAT")
Sponsor: Russia's Defense ministry
Launch: 28 April 1993 at 3h36 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-90, by a F-1/Tsyklon 2.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2245
Spacecraft: Strela-3
Numbers: 1993 payload #37 ; 1993-030A ; 4897th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (store/dump)
Sponsor: Russia's Defense ministry
Launch: 11 May 1993 at 14h52 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-32, by a F-2/Tsyklon 3.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2246
Spacecraft:  Strela-3
Numbers: 1993 payload #38 ; 1993-030B ; 4898th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (store/dump)
Sponsor: Russia's Defense ministry
Launch: 11 May 1993 at 14h52 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-32, by a F-2/Tsyklon 3.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2247
Spacecraft:  Strela-3
Numbers: 1993 payload #39 ; 1993-030C ; 4899th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (store/dump)
Sponsor: Russia's Defense ministry
Launch: 11 May 1993 at 14h52 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-32, by a F-2/Tsyklon 3.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2248
Spacecraft: Strela-3
Numbers: 1993 payload #40 ; 1993-030D ; 4900th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (store/dump)
Sponsor: Russia's Defense ministry
Launch: 11 May 1993 at 14h52 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-32, by a F-2/Tsyklon 3.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2249
Spacecraft:  Strela-3
Numbers: 1993 payload #41 ; 1993-030E ; 4901st spacecraft.
Type: Communications (store/dump)
Sponsor: Russia's Defense ministry
Launch: 11 May 1993 at 14h52 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-32, by a F-2/Tsyklon 3.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2250
Spacecraft:  Strela-3
Numbers: 1993 payload #42 ; 1993-030F ; 4902nd spacecraft.
Type: Communications (store/dump)
Sponsor: Russia's Defense ministry
Launch: 11 May 1993 at 14h52 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-32, by a F-2/Tsyklon 3.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Astra 1C
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1993 payload #43 ; 1993-031A ; 4903rd spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: Société Europíenne des Satellites
Launch: 12 May 1993 at 0h57 UTC, from Kourou Space Center's ELA-2, by an Ariane 42L (V56).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Arsene-OSCAR 29
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1993 payload #44 ; 1993-031B ; 4904th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (radio-amateur)
Sponsor: Club de l'Espace
Launch: 12 May 1993 at 0h57 UTC, from Kourou Space Center's ELA-2, by an Ariane 42L (V56).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission: Arsene-OSCAR 24 was a French packet relay satellite built by French Radio Amateur Club de l'Espace. The packet system was never implemented because the 2 meter transponder failed soon after launch. Arsene was then used to relay SSB and CW signals on 2.4 GHz for several months until this transponder failed as well.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ; A Brief History of Amateur Satellites ;
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Navstar 2-20 (USA 91)
Spacecraft:  Navstar SVN 37 / Navstar BIIA-20 (GPS)
Numbers: 1993 payload #45 ; 1993-032A ; 4905th spacecraft.
Type: Navigation
Sponsor: U.S. Air Force
Launch: 13 May 1993 at 0h07 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-17A, by a Delta 7925 (220).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Resurs F-17
Spacecraft:  Resurs-F2 17F42 No. 9
Numbers: 1993 payload #46 ; 1993-033A ; 4906th spacecraft.
Type: Earth remote sensing
Sponsor: Russia
Launch: 21 May 1993 at 9h21 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-16/2, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Progress M-18
Spacecraft:  Progress 7K-TGM No. 218
Numbers: 1993 payload #47 ; 1993-034A ; 4907th spacecraft.
Type: Cargo delivery to Mir
Sponsor: Russia (Korolev's Design Bureau)
Launch: 22 May 1993 at 6h43 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-1, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U2).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Molniya 1-86
Spacecraft:  Molniya-1T No. 81
Numbers: 1993 payload #48 ; 1993-035A ; 4908th spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: Russia
Launch: 26 May 1993 at 3h36 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-43/4, by an A-2-e/"Molniya" (8K78M / ML).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Gorizont
Spacecraft:  Gorizont No. 39L
Numbers: 1993 payload #49 ; 1993 1st loss ; 4909th spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: Russia
Launch: 27 May 1993 at 1h21 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-81/23, by a D-1-e/Proton-K/DM-2 (8K82K 364-02 / 11S861 69).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2251
Spacecraft:  Strela-2
Numbers: 1993 payload #50 ; 1993-036A ; 4910th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (store/dump)
Sponsor: Russia's Defense ministry
Launch: 16 June 1993 at 4h19 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-132/1, by a Kosmos C-1 (11K65M 47135-601).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission: Kosmos 2251 collided with Iridium 33 on 10 February 2009 at at 16h56 UTC. It was a Strela-2M communication satellite that stopped operations in 1995.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ; RSNF's 11 Feb 09 ;
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STS-57
Spacecraft:  Endeavour
Numbers: 1993 payload #51 ; 1993-037A ; 4911th spacecraft.
Type: Piloted spacecraft
Sponsor: NASA
Launch: 21 June 1993 at 13h07 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-39B, by the Space Shuttle.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2252
Spacecraft:  Strela-3
Numbers: 1993 payload #52 ; 1993-038A ; 4912th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (store/dump)
Sponsor: Russia's Defense ministry
Launch: 24 June 1993 at 4h48 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-32, by a F-2/Tsyklon 3.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2253
Spacecraft:  Strela-3
Numbers: 1993 payload #53 ; 1993-038B ; 4913th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (store/dump)
Sponsor: Russia's Defense ministry
Launch: 24 June 1993 at 4h48 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-32, by a F-2/Tsyklon 3.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2254
Spacecraft: Strela-3
Numbers: 1993 payload #54 ; 1993-038C ; 4914th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (store/dump)
Sponsor: Russia's Defense ministry
Launch: 24 June 1993 at 4h48 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-32, by a F-2/Tsyklon 3.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2255
Spacecraft:  Strela-3
Numbers: 1993 payload #55 ; 1993-038D ; 4915th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (store/dump)
Sponsor: Russia's Defense ministry
Launch: 24 June 1993 at 4h48 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-32, by a F-2/Tsyklon 3.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2256
Spacecraft: Strela-3
Numbers: 1993 payload #56 ; 1993-038E ; 4916th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (store/dump)
Sponsor: Russia's Defense ministry
Launch: 24 June 1993 at 4h48 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-32, by a F-2/Tsyklon 3.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2257
Spacecraft:  Strela-3
Numbers: 1993 payload #57 ; 1993-038F ; 4917th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (store/dump)
Sponsor: Russia's Defense ministry
Launch: 24 June 1993 at 4h48 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-32, by a F-2/Tsyklon 3.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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HGS-4 (Galaxy 4H)
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1993 payload #58 ; 1993-039A ; 4918th spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: Hughes Communications Inc.
Launch: 25 June 1993 at 0h18 UTC, from Kourou Space Center's ELA-2, by an Ariane 42P+ (V57).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Resurs F-18
Spacecraft:  Resurs-F1 14F43 No. 57
Numbers: 1993 payload #59 ; 1993-040A ; 4919th spacecraft.
Type: Earth remote sensing
Sponsor: Russia
Launch: 25 June 1993 at 8h38 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-16/2, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Radcal
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1993 payload #60 ; 1993-041A ; 4920th spacecraft.
Type: Radar calibration
Sponsor: U.S. Air Force
Launch: 25 June 1993 at 23h30 UTC, from Vandenberg Air Force Base's SLC-5, by a Scout G-1 (S217C).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Navstar 2-21 (USA 92)
Spacecraft:  Navstar SVN 39 / · Navstar 2A-12 / Navstar BIIA-21 (GPS)
Numbers: 1993 payload #61 ; 1993-042A ; 4921st spacecraft.
Type: Navigation
Sponsor: U.S. Air Force
Launch: 26 June 1993 at 13h27 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-17A, by a Delta 7925 (221).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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SEDS 2 (PMG-PDP)
Spacecraft:  Small Expendable-tether Deployer (Plasma Motor Generator + Far End Package + Plasma Diagnostic Package)
Numbers: 1993 payload #62 ; 1993-042B ; 4922nd spacecraft.
Type: Technology
Sponsor: U.S. Air Force
Launch: 26 June 1993 at 13h27 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-17A, by a Delta 7925 (221).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Soyuz TM-17
Spacecraft:  Soyuz 7K-STM No. 66
Numbers: 1993 payload #63 ; 1993-043A ; 4923rd spacecraft.
Type: Piloted spacecraft
Sponsor: Russia (Korolev's Design Bureau)
Launch: 1st July 1993 at 14h38 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-1, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U2).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2258
Spacecraft:  US-P / US-PM s/n 3
Numbers: 1993 payload #64 ; 1993-044A ; 4924th spacecraft.
Type: Ocean surveillance ("RORSAT")
Sponsor: Russia's Defense ministry
Launch: 7 July 1993 at 7h12 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-90, by a F-1/Tsyklon 2.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2259
Spacecraft: Yantar-4K2 no. 68 / Kobal't
Numbers: 1993 payload #65 ; 1993-045A ; 4925th spacecraft.
Type: Reconnaissance
Sponsor: Russia's Defense ministry
Launch: 14 July 1993 at 16h48 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-43/3, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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DSCS III B-9 (USA 94)
Spacecraft:  DSCS III F-7
Numbers: 1993 payload #66 ; 1993-046A ; 4926th spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: U.S. Air Force
Launch: 19 July 1993 at 22h04 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-36A, by an Atlas II ((3), AC-104 / Centaur II 8104, IABS-3).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 495 ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2260
Spacecraft:  Zenit-8 / Oblik no. 3 / Resurs-T
Numbers: 1993 payload #67 ; 1993-047A ; 4927th spacecraft.
Type: Military cartography
Sponsor: Russia's Defense ministry
Launch: 22 July 1993 at 8h38 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-43/3, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Hispasat 1B
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1993 payload #68 ; 1993-048A ; 4928th spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: Spain's Hispasat S.A.
Launch: 22 July 1993 at 22h58 UTC, from Kourou Space Center's ELA-2, by an Ariane 44L (V58).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Insat 2B
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1993 payload #69 ; 1993-048B ; 4929th spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: India
Launch: 22 July 1993 at 22h58 UTC, from Kourou Space Center's ELA-2, by an Ariane 44L (V58).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
NOSS 19 / Advanced NOSS 3 / SLDCOM 3
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1993 payload #70 ; 1993 2nd loss ; 4930th spacecraft.
Type: Ocean surveillance
Sponsor: U.S. Navy
Launch: 2 August 1993 at 19h59 UTC, from Vandenberg Air Force Base's SLC-4E, by a Titan 4 (Titan 403A K-11 (45F-9)).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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SSU
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1993 payload #71 ; 1993 3rd loss ; 4931st spacecraft.
Type: Ocean surveillance
Sponsor: U.S. Navy
Launch: 2 August 1993 at 19h59 UTC, from Vandenberg Air Force Base's SLC-4E, by a Titan 4 (Titan 403A K-11 (45F-9)).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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SSU
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1993 payload #72 ; 1993 4th loss ; 4932nd spacecraft.
Type: Ocean surveillance
Sponsor: U.S. Navy
Launch: 2 August 1993 at 19h59 UTC, from Vandenberg Air Force Base's SLC-4E, by a Titan 4 (Titan 403A K-11 (45F-9)).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
SSU
Spacecraft:
Numbers: 1993 payload #73 ; 1993 5th loss ; 4933rd spacecraft.
Type: Ocean surveillance
Sponsor: U.S. Navy
Launch: 2 August 1993 at 19h59 UTC, from Vandenberg Air Force Base's SLC-4E, by a Titan 4 (Titan 403A K-11 (45F-9)).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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TLD
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1993 payload #74 ; 1993 6th loss  ; 4934th spacecraft.
Type: Electronic intelligence?
Sponsor: U.S. Navy
Launch: 2 August 1993 at 19h59 UTC, from Vandenberg Air Force Base's SLC-4E, by a Titan 4 (Titan 403A K-11 (45F-9)).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Molniya 3-45
Spacecraft:  Molniya-3 No. 58
Numbers: 1993 payload #75 ; 1993-049A ; 4935th spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: Russia
Launch: 4 August 1993 at 0h57 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-43/3, by an A-2-e/"Molniya" (8K78M / ML).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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NOAA 13
Spacecraft:  NOAA I
Numbers: 1993 payload #76 ; 1993-050A ; 4936th spacecraft.
Type: Meteorology
Sponsor: NOAA
Launch: 9 August 1993 at 10h02 UTC, from Vandenberg Air Force Base's SLC-3W, by an Atlas E (34E / Star-37S-ISS).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2261
Spacecraft: Oko #74
Numbers: 1993 payload #77 ; 1993-051A ; 4937th spacecraft.
Type: Missille early warning
Sponsor: Russia's Defense ministry
Launch: 10 August 1993 at 14h52 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-16/2, by an A-2-e/"Molniya" (8K78M / 2BL).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Progress M-19
Spacecraft:  Progress 7K-TGM No. 219
Numbers: 1993 payload #78 ; 1993-052A ; 4938th spacecraft.
Type: Cargo delivery to Mir
Sponsor: Russia (Korolev's Design Bureau)
Launch: 11 August 1993 at 22h19 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-1, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U N15000-634).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Resurs F-19
Spacecraft:  Resurs-F1 14F43 No. 56
Numbers: 1993 payload #79 ; 1993-053A ; 4939th spacecraft.
Type: Earth remote sensing
Sponsor: Russia's Defense ministry
Launch: 24 August 1993 at 10h48 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-16/2, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Navstar 2-22 (USA 94)
Spacecraft:  Navstar SVN 35 / · Navstar 2A-13 / Navstar BIIA-22 (GPS)
Numbers: 1993 payload #80 ; 1993-054A ; 4940th spacecraft.
Type: Navigation
Sponsor: U.S. Air Force
Launch: 30 August 1993 at 12h43 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-17B, by a Delta 7925 (222).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Meteor 2-21
Spacecraft:  Meteor-2 No. 24
Numbers: 1993 payload #81 ; 1993-055A ; 4941st spacecraft.
Type: Meteorology
Sponsor: Russia
Launch: 31 August 1993 at 4h48 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-32, by a F-2/Tsyklon 3.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Temisat
Spacecraft:  Telespazio Micro Satellite
Numbers: 1993 payload #82 ; 1993-055B ; 4942nd spacecraft.
Type: Technology (date relay)
Sponsor: Italy's Telespazio
Launch: 31 August 1993 at 4h48 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-32, by a F-2/Tsyklon 3.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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UFO F2 (USA 95)
Spacecraft:  UHF F/O F2 ;  Ultra High Frequency Follow On
Numbers: 1993 payload #83 ; 1993-056A ; 4943rd spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: U.S. Navy
Launch: 3 September 1993 at 11h17 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-36B, by an Atlas I (AC-75 / Centaur I 5055).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2262
Spacecraft:  Don (5) / Orlets-1 no. 5
Numbers: 1993 payload #84 ; 1993-057A ; 4944th spacecraft.
Type: Reconnaissance
Sponsor: Russia's Defense ministry
Launch: 7 September 1993 at 13h26 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-31, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U2).
Orbit: Initial: 172 km x 290 km x 64.9°
Final: 207 km x 323 km x 64.9°
Recovered: After 103 days
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 506 ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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STS-51
Spacecraft:  Discovery
Numbers: 1993 payload #85 ; 1993-058A ; 4945th spacecraft.
Type: Piloted spacecraft
Sponsor: NASA
Launch: 12 September 1993 at 11h45 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-39B, by the Space Shuttle.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
ACTS
Spacecraft:  Advanced Communications Technology Satellite
Numbers: 1993 payload #86 ; 1993-058B ; 4946th spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: NASA
Launch: 12 September 1993 at 11h45 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-39B, by the Space Shuttle. Deployed from Discovery payload bay on 12 September 1993.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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ORFEUS-SPAS
Spacecraft:  ASTRO-SPAS
Numbers: 1993 payload #87 ; 1993-058C ; 4947th spacecraft.
Type: Astronomy
Sponsor: NASA
Launch: 12 September 1993 at 11h45 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-39B, by the Space Shuttle. Deployed from Discovery payload bay.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2263
Spacecraft:  Tselina-2
Numbers: 1993 payload #88 ; 1993-059A ; 4948th spacecraft.
Type: Electronic intelligence
Sponsor: Russia's Defense ministry
Launch: 16 September 1993 at 7h36 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-45/1, by a J-1/Zenit-2.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2264
Spacecraft:  US-P / US-PM s/n 4
Numbers: 1993 payload #89 ; 1993-060A ; 4949th spacecraft.
Type: Ocean surveillance ("RORSAT")
Sponsor: Russia's Defense ministry
Launch: 17 September 1993 at 0h43 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-90, by a F-1/Tsyklon 2.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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IRS-1E
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1993 payload #90 ; 1993 7th loss ; 4950th spacecraft.
Type: Earth remote sensing
Sponsor: India's ISRO
Launch: 20 September 1993 at 5h12 UTC, from Sriharikota, by a PSLV (PSLV-D1).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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SPOT 3
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1993 payload #91 ; 1993-061A ; 4951st spacecraft.
Type: Earth remote sensing
Sponsor: France's CNES
Launch: 26 September 1993 at 1h45 UTC, from Kourou Space Center's ELA-2, by an Ariane 40 (V59).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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STELLA
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1993 payload #92 ; 1993-061B ; 4952nd spacecraft.
Type: Geodesy
Sponsor:
Launch: 26 September 1993 at 1h45 UTC, from Kourou Space Center's ELA-2, by an Ariane 40 (V59).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Eyesat 1 / AMRAD-Oscar-27
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1993 payload #93 ; 1993-061C ; 4953rd spacecraft.
Type: Technology & radio-amateur communications
Sponsor: U.S. Interferometrics Inc.
Source: AMSAT
Launch: 26 September 1993 at 1h45 UTC, from Kourou Space Center's ELA-2, by an Ariane 40 (V59).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission: AMRAD/EYESAT-1 was The amateur payload of EYESAT-1 was later designated AMRAD-OSCAR 27 once in orbit.
AO-27 is a secondary amateur communications payload carried aboard the EYESAT-1 experimental MICROSAT satellite built by Interferometrics Inc. of Chantilly, Virginia.  The commercial side of the spacecraft's mission is the experimental monitoring of mobile industrial equipment.The amateur equipment aboard the satellite was constructed by members of AMRAD, a technically oriented, non-profit organization of radio amateurs based in the Virginia suburbs of Washington, D.C., to meet the needs of amateurs for a platform to conduct digital satellite communications experiments.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ; A Brief History of Amateur Satellites ;
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Healthsat 1
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1993 payload #94 ; 1993-061D ; 4954th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (medical data relay)
Sponsor:
Launch: 26 September 1993 at 1h45 UTC, from Kourou Space Center's ELA-2, by an Ariane 40 (V59).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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ITAMsat / Italy-OSCAR 26 (IO-26)
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1993 payload #95 ; 1993-061E ; 4955th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (radio-amateur)
Sponsor: AMSAT-ITALY
Launch: 26 September 1993 at 1h45 UTC, from Kourou Space Center's ELA-2, by an Ariane 40 (V59).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission: ITAMSAT was later designated Italy-OSCAR-26 once in orbit. IO-26 was built by AMSAT-ITALY. Its mission is to store and forward amateur radio messages like AO-16, LO-19, UO-22, KO-23 and KO-25. IO-26's operation is identical to AO-16 and LO-19. 
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ; A Brief History of Amateur Satellites ;
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Uribyol 2 / KITSAT-OSCAR 25 (KO-25)
Spacecraft:  KITSAT-2
Numbers: 1993 payload #96 ; 1993-061F ; 4956th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (radio-amateur)
Sponsor: South Korea's Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) students
Launch: 26 September 1993 at 1h45 UTC, from Kourou Space Center's ELA-2, by an Ariane 40 (V59).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission: KITSAT-2 was a South Korean experimental microsatellite based on the SSTL UoSAT bus built by the Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST). KO-25 was operated from The Satellite Technology Research Center (SaTReC) in South Korea. It was later designated KITSAT-OSCAR-25 once in orbit.
KO-25's mission was to take CCD pictures, process numerical information, measure radiation and receive and forward messages. The Infrared Sensor Experiment (IREX) was designed to acquire I/V characteristics of IR sensors. A passive cooling structure was devised for this experiment where ground controllers monitored the temperature of the experiment.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ; A Brief History of Amateur Satellites ;
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PoSAT 1 / PoSAT-OSCAR 28
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1993 payload #97 ; 1993-061G ; 4957th spacecraft.
Type: Communications (radio-amateur)
Sponsor: Portugal/University of Surrey
Launch: 26 September 1993 at 1h45 UTC, from Kourou Space Center's ELA-2, by an Ariane 40 (V59).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission: PoSAT-1 is Portugal's first satellite achieved through a technology transfer program with Surrey Satellite Technology, Ltd. (SSTL). PoSAT-1 was built at the University of Surrey in a collaborative program between a consortium of Portuguese academia and industry.  The Portugese consortium sent 4 engineers to Surrey to participate in on-the-job training.  Like KITSAT-1, PoSAT-1 carries a wide range of technology experiments, including earth imaging cameras, DSP and space-radiation experiments. In addition, PoSAT-1 carries the first microsatellite GPS experiment and an ultra-low-cost CCD star sensor. It is operated jointly by the University of Surrey command station at Guildford and the Portugese command station at Sintra. PoSAT was operated on amateur frequencies for several weeks in early 1994. 
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ; A Brief History of Amateur Satellites ;
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Raduga 30
Spacecraft: Gran' No. 41L
Numbers: 1993 payload #98 ; 1993-062A ; 4958th spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: Russia
Launch: 30 September 1993 at 17h05 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-81/23, by a D-1-e/Proton-K/DM-2 (8K82K 359-01 / 11S861 36L).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Landsat 6
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1993 payload #99 ; 1993 8th loss ; 4959th spacecraft.
Type: Earth remote sensing
Sponsor: NASA
Launch: 5 October 1993 at 17h56 UTC, from Vandenberg Air Force Base's SLC-4W, by a Titan 2 (SLV 23G-5).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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FSW 1-14 / Jian Bing 
Spacecraft:  Fanhui Shi Weixing-1 No. 14
Numbers: 1993 payload #100 ; 1993-063A ; 4960th spacecraft.
Type: Reconnaissance
Sponsor: China
Launch: 8 October 1993 at 8h00 UTC, from Jiuquan's LA-2B?, by a Chang Zheng 2C (CZ2C-14).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Progress M-20
Spacecraft:  Progress 7K-TGM No. 220
Numbers: 1993 payload #101 ; 1993-064A ; 4961st spacecraft.
Type: Cargo delivery to Mir
Sponsor: Russia (Korolev's Design Bureau)
Launch: 12 October 1993 at 21h33 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-1, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U 77044270).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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STS-58 - SLS-2 
Spacecraft: Columbia
Numbers: 1993 payload #102 ; 1993-065A ; 4962nd spacecraft.
Type: Piloted spacecraft
Sponsor: NASA
Launch: 18 October 1993 at 14h53 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-39B, by the Space Shuttle.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Intelsat 701
Spacecraft:  Intelsat 7 F1
Numbers: 1993 payload #103 ; 1993-066A ; 4963rd spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: Intelsat
Launch: 22 October 1993 at 6h46 UTC, from Kourou Space Center's ELA-2, by an Ariane 44LP (V60).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2265
Spacecraft:  Taifun-1B
Numbers: 1993 payload #104 ; 1993-067A ; 4964th spacecraft.
Type: Radar calibration
Sponsor: Russia's Defense ministry
Launch: 26 October 1993 at 10h00 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-132/1, by a Kosmos C-1 (11K65M 65065-624).
Orbit:
Decayed: 11 August 2003
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No. 598 ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Navstar 2-23 (USA 96)
Spacecraft:  Navstar SVN 34 / Navstar 2A 14 / Navstar BIIA-23 (GPS)
Numbers: 1993 payload #105 ; 1993-068A ; 4965th spacecraft.
Type: Navigation
Sponsor: U.S. Air Force
Launch: 26 October 1993 at 17h04 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-17B, by a Delta 7925 (223).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Gorizont 28
Spacecraft: Gorizont No. 40L
Numbers: 1993 payload #106 ; 1993-069A ; 4966th spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: Russia
Launch: 28 October 1993 at 15h17 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-81/23, by a D-1-e/Proton-K/DM-2 (8K82K 368-01 / 11S861 72L).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2266
Spacecraft:  Parus
Numbers: 1993 payload #107 ; 1993-070A ; 4967th spacecraft.
Type: Navigation
Sponsor: Russia's Defense ministry
Launch: 2 November 1993 at 12h14 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-132/1, by a Kosmos C-1 (11K65M 53735-608).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Kosmos 2267
Spacecraft:  Yantar-4KS1 / Neman
Numbers: 1993 payload #108 ; 1993-071A ; 4968th spacecraft.
Type: Reconnaissance
Sponsor: Russia's Defense ministry
Launch: 5 November 1993 at 8h24 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-1, by an A-2/Soyuz (11A511U2).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Gorizont 29 / Rimsat 
Spacecraft: AP-1 Gorizont No. 41L
Numbers: 1993 payload #109 ; 1993-072A ; 4969th spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: Russia
Launch: 18 November 1993 at 13h54 UTC, from Baykonur Cosmodrome's LC-81/23, by a D-1-e/Proton-K/DM-2 (8K82K 367-01 / 11S861 85L).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Solidaridad 1 (Satmex 3)
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1993 payload #110 ; 1993-073A ; 4970th spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: Secretaria De Comunicaciones Y Transportes
Launch: 20 November 1993 at 1h17 UTC, from Kourou Space Center's ELA-2, by an Ariane 44LP (V61).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission: The Solidaridad 1 communications satellite, a Hughes HS-601 owned by Mexico, failed on 27 August 2200 when its backup computer died; the prime had already failed.
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 434 ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Meteosat 6 / MOP 3
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1993 payload #111 ; 1993-073B ; 4971st spacecraft.
Type: Meteorology
Sponsor: ESA
Launch: 20 November 1993 at 1h17 UTC, from Kourou Space Center's ELA-2, by an Ariane 44LP (V61).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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DSCS III B-10 (USA 97)
Spacecraft:  DSCS III F-8
Numbers: 1993 payload #112 ; 1993-074A ; 4972nd spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: U.S. Air Force
Launch: 28 November 1993 at 23h40 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-36A, by an Atlas II ((3) AC-106 / Centaur II 8106, IABS-4).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No. 495 ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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STS-61
Spacecraft:  Endeavour
Numbers: 1993 payload #113 ; 1993-075A ; 4973rd spacecraft.
Type: Piloted spacecraft
Sponsor: NASA
Launch: 2 December 1993 at 9h27 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-39B, by the Space Shuttle.
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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NATO IVB (USA 98)
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1993 payload #114 ; 1993-076A ; 4974th spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: NATO
Launch: 8 December 1993 at 0h48 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-17A, by a Delta 7925 (224).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
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Telstar 401
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1993 payload #115 ; 1993-077A ; 4975th spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: ATT
Launch: 16 December 1993 at 0h38 UTC, from Cape Canaveral's LC-36B, by an Atlas IIAS ((4N) AC-108 / Centaur II 8201).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
DBS 1 / DirecTV 1
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1993 payload #116 ; 1993-078A ; 4976th spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: Hughes Communications Inc.
Launch: 18 December 1993 at 1h27 UTC, from Kourou Space Center's ELA-2, by an Ariane 44L (V62).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Thaicom 1
Spacecraft: 
Numbers: 1993 payload #117 ; 1993-078B ; 4977th spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: Thailand's Shinawatra Satellite Public Co.
Launch: 18 December 1993 at 1h27 UTC, from Kourou Space Center's ELA-2, by an Ariane 44L (V62).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
Molniya 1-87
Spacecraft:  Molniya-1T
Numbers: 1993 payload #118 ; 1993-079A ; 4978th spacecraft.
Type: Communications
Sponsor: Russia
Launch: 22 December 1993 at 20h37 UTC, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome's LC-43/3, by an A-2-e/"Molniya" (8K78M / ML).
Orbit:
Decayed:
Mission:
Source: Jonathan Space Report No.  ; Spacewarn No.  ; National Space Science Data Center's  ; Jonathan McDowell's Master List ; Mark Wade’s Encyclopedia Astronautica ; TRW Space Log ;
.
© Claude Lafleur, 2004-10 Mes sites web: claudelafleur.qc.ca